The birds :: essays research papers

In the course of this film we see Melanie develop as a person finished confronting the things she fears. Melanie confronts many fears through the course of the film and grows as a person as the film progresses. She goes through a lot in the film and the tosh implies that she has found herself by the end of the film. The story is of course a thriller but behind the thriller is Melanies journey. Melanies journey is very quick. She was extremely immature and wooly-minded at the start out of the film and is some what grown up by the end. At the start of the film Melanie was very immature and lost. She is very rich and seems to take to do something with her life. She apparently spends time with charity and other activities of the sort. She is a prankster who apparently went skinny dipping in a fountain at Rome. She also wants to memorise a miner bird lewd saying to give to her linguistic aunt. She must be very lost and has no direction in life. by dint of this film she gains a lit tle more maturity. Melanie gains more maturity through the film. She acts like a lost little rich kid at the beginning and through the film she begins to show a little more maturity and self respect. She begins to see who she really is under all the confidence and pranks. She is needed in the film and she needs that responsibility to take a woman. She gains more responsibility and she becomes a woman, at last. The bird attacks give that catalyst that is needed to start her to become a responsible grown up. She needs the birds to let her become the friend of Cathy, the friend of Lydia and the girlfriend of Mitch. She needs the birds to let her become a protector and a great friend of Annie. She becomes a great person because of the love she shows for the family.

Shakespeares King Harry :: William Shakespeare Plays Literature Essays

Director and playwright Kenneth Haigh once said, You need three things in the theatrethe play, the actors and the audience, and each must give something. (Robertson 159) How true that these three components must work together toward the success of a play each contributing to the beauty of live theatre. Upon directing a play, one ought to have complete control of the first two aspects (namely, the play and the actors) as they are consciously chosen and painstakingly molded and manipulated. However, the audience is an entirely separate matter. One does not necessarily get to hand-pick ones audience yet, control is still possible. Theoretically, theatre-goers depart contribute two things to a production first, they ordain bring with them a personal history, and secondly, they will have a reaction informed by this history. Thus, an ken of what the audience might bring to the play is crucial in anticipating their response. Of course, every spectator will be divergentculture, ag e, race, politics, religion, gender and any number of factors will all play a part. But with careful consideration of these possibilities, a good director ought to expect what response the audience will have to different aspects of the production. This can only be an advantage, as preparing for the crowds contribution will allow one to direct the play and actors in a way of life that will produce the desired response. An audiences tears, laughter, horror, confusion, shock, applause, etc. should all be controlled (to a certain degree) by the director. In taking this into consideration, plays written in the pastintended for theatres and audiences of the pastcan take on great and exciting changes when brought to audiences of the present and future. William Shakespeares Henry V is no exception to this rule. In light of recent circumstances in the United States of America, a contemporary performance of Shakespeares Henry V would be quite poignant by staging the character of King H arry as a mediocre (but at times likeable) leader, in order to expose the humanity of men in times of war.The parallels between Henry V and the United States of Americas current political affairs are quite notable. Drawing upon these in a present day performance of Henry V would be quite engaging and inviting to the appropriate audience. Initially, King Harry is remembered as a vain, giddy, shallow, humorous early days (2.

Andy and Larry Wachowskis Film, The Matrix :: essays papers

Andy and Larry Wachowskis Film, The Matrix Have you ever had a dream that you thought was so real? Well, what if you neer woke up? How would you determine the difference between the real world and the dream world (Matrix,1999)? Some people in this world live their lives knowing that something is wrong. They can impression it in everything they do. They can feel it when they st are out a window or go to work or even when they pay their taxes (Matrix,1999). This feeling which these individuals are experiencing comes from the matrix.What is the matrix? The matrix is an factitious world, which has been pulled over to blind us from the truth, that we are slaves (Matrix,1999). We are trapped in a prison for our minds (Matrix,1999). We will never in reality get to feel, touch, or see anything for ourselves, except objects created through the matrix.Early in the 21st century, humans joined in celebration in the creation of artificial intelligence (Matrix,1999). Throughout our liv es we have depended on machinery to survive. Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of irony (Matrix,1999). The human body gives off as much bioelectricity as a 120 volt battery or as much as 25000 b.t.u.s of body heat (Matrix,1999). Artificial intelligence depends on solar heartiness in order to survive, so our human race decided to scorch the earth, therefore blocking the suns rays (Matrix,1999). This attempt failed and we were taken over by robots. The matrix was soon after created by artificial intelligence as a computer-generated world made for us to live out our lives while it uses the pictorial energy given off from our bodies for its survival in the real world (Matrix,1999). Humans are grown in fields like crops, some never even able to be inserted into the matrix. Babies are randomly picked out by the working robotic hands to fill the spots of the dead. Right now, our real bodies are existence stored in capsule-like bubbles where we are plugged into the matrix. These plugs are connected throughout our entire spine and other various parts of the body. The main connection is in the backrest of our necks, leading to the brain, where the matrix controls our minds by ensuring all five senses. When the matrix was first created, a man was given the power to change anything he wanted in it (Matrix,1999).

Ethical Challenge of Protecting Software in Emerging Economies: Copyright Law and Enforcement in Pakistan :: Software Technology Protection Essays

Ethical Challenge of Protecting Software in acclivitous Economies Copyright Law and Enforcement in Pakistan Introduction The United States and Pakistan have similar laws protecting software using copyright and patents despite being at precise different stages of economic development. Pakistan has an emerging economy with a per capita gross domestic product of $2000 per capita and a literacy rate of 46%.i The US has a more mature economy with per capita GDP of $37,600 and a 97% literacy rateii. Despite having similar laws regarding copyright and patent protection Pakistan has rampant piracy problems not seen in the US. It is estimated that 95% of digital media sold in Pakistan is piratediii. This may be in part due to the high cost of software relative to income compared to US where software piracy exists but is less rampant. This dissonance raises the question Is it ethical to apply the same rules to two countries regardless of economic condition and industry maturity and wh at is the global effect of having the same laws but enforcing them otherwise?BackgroundTwo primary methods for protecting software throughout the world are patents and copyrightiv. Each permits a different measure of protection. The goal of each is to provoke the sharing of new inventions and creative functions while ensuring that the developer of the work is compensated. Copyright provides the copyright holder rights to the work for 75 years after creation or 50 beyond authors death whichever is shortest. It not only protects the actual syntax of the code from being copied but covers structure, sequence, and organization of the program. This is to prevent concourse from simply rewriting an application in another programming language. Copyright, as applied to more traditional written works such as books and songs provide for fair use by others. Fair use means that others can use a small portion of a copyright protected work without permission for certain reasons such as education or critical commentary. The fair use clause is not really applicable to software because it is archaic that a small portion of a computer program would be used in the situations covered by the fair use clause. This is an example of stretchiness an existing law to cover new technology. Patents protect software in a different way by giving the creator rights to the process performed by the protected program.

Cloud Computing Essay -- Technology, Cyber Criminals

IntroductionOver the past several years the term cloud cipher has become common in homes and organizations alike. Cloud computing can be defined as a pooled set of computing resources that are furnished via the internet. in that respect are three types of cloud function typically available, these operate are Platform as a helper (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Organizations can benefit greatly from cloud services because they eliminate the pauperism to buy and manage physical resources. Although much(prenominal) an action cuts cost it leaves organization victim to the vulnerabilities and threats that exist in cloud computing. Throughout this paper I will discuss the vulnerabilities and threats that come along with the adoption of cloud computing. In addition, I will discuss standards and policies that effectively manage the risk associated with cloud computing.Threats & VulnerabilitiesThe abuse and nefarious use of cloud computing is a threat to any organization that takes advantage of cloud services. Most providers of cloud services make it all too easy for cyber criminals to register for service, all that is need to register for service with many providers is a valid credit card (Cloud Security Alliance, 2011). In addition to the ease of registration providers offer free trials of their services allowing attacker to carry out attacks covertly on cloud services. By gaining such access cyber criminals can deploy malicious code, abuse known exploits, and shoot spam messages to those that are sharing the same resources.Organizations are aware that threats can be internal as well as external, those that provide cloud services are no exception. The people who the service providers employ can pose... ...ncy use(CIO, 2011).FedRAMP is not alone in the effort to create standards regarding cloud computing. The National Institute of Standards & applied science (NIST) has published two draft publications specificall y related to cloud computing. The first document, Special Publication 800-145 (Draft), has been created provide the NIST definition of cloud computing. The NIST has defined as the followingCloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with marginal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. (NIST, 2011)

Cloud Computing Essay -- Technology, Cyber Criminals

IntroductionOver the past several years the term veil computing has gravel common in homes and organizations alike. obnubilate computing can be defined as a pooled set of computing resources that atomic number 18 furnished via the internet. There atomic number 18 three types of cloud services typically available, these services are Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and parcel as a Service (SaaS). Organizations can benefit greatly from cloud services because they eliminate the need to buy and manage physical resources. Although such an feat cuts cost it leaves organization victim to the vulnerabilities and holy terrors that exist in cloud computing. Throughout this paper I will discuss the vulnerabilities and threats that come along with the adoption of cloud computing. In addition, I will discuss standards and policies that effectively manage the risk associated with cloud computing.Threats & VulnerabilitiesThe abuse and nefarious use of cloud computing is a threat to any organization that takes advantage of cloud services. Most providers of cloud services make it all too easy for cyber criminals to history for service, all that is need to register for service with many providers is a valid credit card (Cloud Security Alliance, 2011). In addition to the ease of registration providers offer free trials of their services allowing aggressor to carry out attacks covertly on cloud services. By gaining such access cyber criminals can deploy malicious code, abuse known exploits, and send junk e-mail messages to those that are sharing the same resources.Organizations are aware that threats can be internal as well as external, those that provide cloud services are no exception. The people who the service providers employ can pose... ...ncy use(CIO, 2011).FedRAMP is not alone in the effort to create standards regarding cloud computing. The National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) has publish two draft publications spe cifically related to cloud computing. The first document, Special Publication 800-145 (Draft), has been created provide the NIST definition of cloud computing. The NIST has defined as the followingCloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal wariness effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. (NIST, 2011)

How have human activities shaped the landscape between Prawle Point and Start Bay?

On day two, we analysed the homophile home settlements found in the villages of H entirelysands, Beesands and Torcross. The whole aim of doing this was to find how these man do homes and settlements have affected the land at each village, and how other human activities have affected these settlements vulnerability to coastal damage, as how the natural coastline has developed out-of-pocket to this. We also looked at how these settlements have used man made ocean defences t help value them from coastal attacks.RouteFirstly, here is the route we took on the coast from Start point (red) to Torcross (green), passing both Beesands and Hallsands along the way.Hallsands DescriptionWhen we visited Hallsands we noniced that it was had very small population, with little human settlements which were all near each other. Hallsands also had many narrow rough roads end-to-end the village and was ear the shore.Hallsands HistoryBetween the years 1894-1903 the shingle beach close to Hallsands was let down by 1.4m, receivable to the continuous taking of the shingle to build the dockyards at Plymouth. This made the village of Hallsands extremely vulnerable and open to floods from the waves of the sea.In 1917 a do with 10m waves destroyed the now unprotected village of Hallsands which was no longer protected by the defensive beach it once had.Hallsands Present Sea defencesSince the iconoclastic thrust of 1917 Hallsands has created new man made sea defences to ensure is constantly protected from future storms. You can see present day evidence of this when visiting Hallsands as it now has rip-rap, groups of large rocks stacked together, which break up strong waves and the energy they contain whilst they travel, reducing the impact when they hit these rocks.Beesands DescriptionComp atomic number 18d with Hallsands, the village of Beesands had more human settlements dispersed throughout its land, with large atomic number 18as of space between them, although thy were al l generously within the same perimeter. Like Hallsands however, Beesands also had various narrow roads and is locate near the shore.Beesands HistoryThe village of Beesands is continuously vulnerable to flooding due to its beach having a lack of shingle moving northwards along the coastline, by long shore drift. There is no new source of shingle as its origins are 40km out in Start Bay.Beesands Present Sea defencesIn the village of Beesands rip-rap was put down to help defend against the sea waves, but was quickly eroded and in 1992 a sea wall was built, along with gabions, which stable stands today. The sea wall works by pushing the wave back on itself therefore breaking the impact of the wave and the energy it carries, Gabions work equivalent to rip rap meaning the also break up the energy of the wave and reduce its impact in the collision.Tocross DescriptionTocross, like Beesands also had a larger amount of human settlements which were found generally close to each other. Ho wever, tit was easily noticeable that the houses were pointing at diverse angels and varied in different shapes ad seizes. Also, compared to both Beesands and Hallsands Torcross was further away from the shore, although still near.Torcross HistoryIn 2001, a destructive storm occurred near the village of Torcross and the continuous collision of waves, due to its vulnerability damaged the road along Slapton sands.Torcross Present Sea defencesLike Beesands, the village of Torcross choose to build a sea wall after the destructive storm to help protect against sea waves in the future. This still stands today and can be seen when visiting the village.Sea Defences DisadvantagesAlthough these man made sea defences tolerate secure safety for many years to these human settlements within the villages, they come with a disadvantage of being incredibly expensive, which can therefore weaken the boilersuit economy of the village itself. You can see the scale of how expensive these defences ar e when calculating the cost of the rip-rap and sea wall found at Beesands. Below is the deliberation of the cost of these sea defencesRip-rapRip-rap = 3,000 per metre Length of Rip-rap = 254metres make up of Rip-rap in Beesands 3,000 x 254 = 762000SeawallSeawall = 3500 per metre Length of Seawall = 254metresCost of Seawall in Beesands 3,500 x 254 = 889000GabionsGabions = 100 per metre Length of Gabions = 254metresCost of Gabions in Beesands 100 x 254 = 254000Value of propertyNow we know the full cost of the sea defences found in Beesands we need to find whether these sea defences are actually worth the money provided they protect these homes. To find this we need to calculate the cost of all the properties found in Beesands and compare it the cost of the sea defences. Below is the calculation for the value of these properties found in BeesandsResidential PropertiesResidential properties = 150,000 per floor 25 houses (2 floors each)Cost of residential properties 150,000 x 50 = 7 50,000Commercial PropertiesCommercial properties = 170,000 per floor 4 businesses (3x2floors, 1x1floor)Cost of commercial properties = 170,000 x 7 = 1190000Overall cost of sea defences = 1905000VOverall cost of properties = 1940000As you can see the cost of the sea defences in Beesands appears to be worth the safety of the properties which are there, although there is only a 35,000 difference in the values of the sea defences compared to the value of the properties. This means that although the sea defences arent costing more hence the settlements which are there, the overall economies of Beesands would be affected by the costs of it.The FutureAlthough for now Beesands, Hallsands and Torcross are generally protected from minor occurring storms, the face major dilemmas on what they pull up stakes need to do to help protect them in the future. This will be determined by two major factors.Ageing PopulationThe first is the increasingly ageing population dispersed throughout Britain. I n the years to come more and more people will be retiring and face the possibility of moving nearer to the coast. If this were to happen whence the village will need to consider whether they will gain enough money to support the village with more sea defences.Global WarmingThe punt major factor is global warming. With the frequency of occurring storms continuously increasing will the village be able to protect itself from the increasing occurring storms in the future.PossibilitiesThere are two major possibilities that these three villages could consider to do. The first is to simply stop spending money on sea defences and allow nature to take its course, by chance resulting in many storms and therefore floods to the village. The second is to continue spending money on further sea defences although they cant be sure how successful they will be and for how long.My ConclusionI personally think that the villages should invest in further sea defences even though they will cost the eco nomy of the villages dearly. This is because if they chose not to invest in the defences and admit defeat then these villages will eventually be completely destroyed and lost forever therefore these sea defences are vital in securing the long term protection of these settlements. I also think that even though sea defences seem extremely expensive and individual people may think they are not worth it, if there are no sea defence mechanisms at all to protect these settlements then there will be no hope at all for these settlements to survive from whatever they are exposed to in the future.

Restructuring & Downsizing Essay

Human resource watchfulness has evolved from a largely administrative and available role to one that plays an important part in strategic planning. This shift is much evident in its role towards retrenchment. The decision to downsize is a decision that requires awake planning and consideration. It is tiny to consider the long-term effects that short-term cost cutting measures can bring. downsizing creates disruptions in the agreements relationships with customers, suppliers and employees, organizations structure, culture and climate.As Wayne F. Cascio says if you must(prenominal) downsize, do it right, that no class of employee can be disproportionately affected. Finding the best way to downsize is crucial, because the success of organisations that have downsized in the past has not been particularly laudable. Downsize Decision The downsizing decision is the most dem verbalizing and stressful aspect of the emerging Human resource managerial role. Downsizing is viewed as hav ing a profound effect on the organization and the personnel including those who are terminated and those who survive.Yet it is the integral part of any workforce management decision. It involves understanding the tangible pitfalls of a reduction in workforce and analyzing the emotional and practical ramifications. Downsizing may occur intentionally as a strategic, proactive response designed to improve organizational effectiveness, increase productivity and cost cutting strategy. This response may involve mergers, acquisitions, sell-offs, or restructuring to better enable the organization to meet its mission or fill an environmental niche.It may involve reduction in personnel through transfers, outplacement, retirement incentives, buyout packages, layoffs, attrition, and so on or may occur in which unfermented products added, new sources of revenue are opened up, etc. It affects work processes. Fewer employees may be left to do the same amount of work and the quality may suffer. Downsizing activities may include discounting functions, abolishing hierarchical levels, merging units, or redesigning tasks.Downsizing can impact fiscal well-being, health, personal attitudes, and family relationships. Before downsizing HR submit to explore possible alternatives such as minify hours across the board, introducing forced vacation, asking for layoff volunteers, compressed workweek, hiring freeze, and primaeval retirement or implementing other cost-cutting measures. Human resource managers should weigh in on several factors that influence downsizing decisions.They need to identify the specific problems downsizing is expected to solve, consider overall financial health of the attach to, fiscal operating policies, and industry benchmarks before proceeding, and review all legal implications. Managing Process One tombstone to a successful downsizing plan lies in managements ability to clearly convey to employees the purpose behind the cost-cutting efforts. Secondly, c onsider any oral or implied contracts of employment, review employee files, plan for the contingencies, know the stakeholders, clearly define criteria for selection factors on which downsizing decisions allow be made.Downsizing may have diverseness of adverse effects on layoff individuals, survivors and organizations such as loss of morale, distrust, anxiety, feelings of job insecurity, anger, job stress, physical ailments, poor mental health, decreased loyalty, lowered motivation and productivity, change magnitude resistance to change, crisis mentality, politicised special interest groups, occupational violence, lack of teamwork, perception of unfairness, lack of flatusership and overall commitment to the organization.Downsizing decision has to be a prudent one because it deals with lives of people. The managers will be faced with a work force at least partly staffed with survivors of downsizing. Providing information regarding the type of severance packages or outplacement ben efits will be given to those displaced will alleviate some fears and let those who remain will know that their colleagues are being taken care of. The personnel belongings of downsizing usually involves reductions in personnel. However, downsizing is not limited entirely to personnel reductions.In some downsizing situations new products are added, new sources of revenue opened up, and/or additional work acquired. Even though some people may be added, the overall process exits in fewer rime of workers employed per unit of output as compared to some previous level of employment. Human resources must also position the company to be able to reply quickly and effectively when the economy recovers. The approach taken by the organization to the downsizing process can have an ongoing impact on the companys reputation with clients and potential future recruits.An inability to recruit critical talent later can mean an inability to rebound, so human resources must provide information openl y and promptly to manage perceptions and rumors both internal and external about the fairness of any reductions and the need for additional downsizing in the future. Job placement services, employee assistance programs and financial counseling are all services that human resources should consider offering to affected employees. In the aftermath of a mass downsizing, employee morale will undoubtedly be affected.Employers should strive to be as open as possible during the process. Information should not come as a surprise to employees. If the company repeatedly assured workers everything was fine before announcing an unexpected layoff, it will be difficult to regain the trust of the workers who remain. Similarly, if the company focus has always been on meeting the needs of employees and taking active steps to motivate and encourage staff, a forced layoff may actually be more detrimental because it is so contrary to employees expectations of the organization.Management and human res ources should meet regularly with employees to keep them informed, answer questions and respond to concerns. Any downsizing of the workforce is likely to result in the loss of key knowledge and critical skills. In the case of a voluntary separation program or early retirement initiative, Because disturbance increases in the wake of a layoff, human resources must connect with key workers to outline their importance to the organization and provide information about how the company plans to recover.HR should also detail future career opportunities that can be realized by remaining with the business. Clear documentation, particularly regarding the layoff process itself, is important. Therefore it is vital that HR management weigh the relative costs and benefits against the negative impact downsizing has on employees and identify hazards, undertake risk assessment, consult with employee representatives, pursue compliance with legislative duties and take appropriate steps to manage any s ignificant hazards that are identified, including psychosocial hazards.Downsizing refers to activities undertaken by management to improve the efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness of the organization by reducing the workforce size. Implications of Organisational Restructuring to HR Planning Restructuring A Perspective Organizations and businesses today are faced with increased demands to become leaner callable to global competition and rapid technology change. Many organizations have responded by corporal restructuring and downsizing or streamlining their operations and often outsourcing many functions originally appoint to permanent employees.Restructuring can lead to changes of ownership, radical changes in the internal management structure, mergers, acquisitions and significant downsizing or hiring trends. Internal factors can also include the addition or removal of a major product or service, addition or loss of a major client or the restructuring of departments. Re structuring is not a quick fix. Before restructuring we need to spell out the expectations and objectives and effectively communicate with the all the stakeholders to improve organizations ability to move through change effectively.Restructuring is a formal transcription of re-aligning tasks and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates, communicates, decides and motivates employees so that they cooperate to achieve an organizations goals. Restructuring may be carried out to expand and create new departments to serve growing markets or to downsize or eliminate departments to conserve overhead. Depending on the size of the organisation and type of business one may adopt a flat or pontifical structure and model it according to functional, divisional (product, market or geographic) or adaptive lines.Implications of Organisational Restructuring to HR Planning In the event of restructuring HR planning becomes critical because HR is typically responsible for handling all aspect s of an organizations restructuring. HR departments provide or support announcements to employees regarding restructuring. HR is typically present when employees are informed of layoffs or permanent downsizing related to restructuring. Changes in employment policies, organizational structure, workforce, and location and job descriptions are announced to employees by human resources and management.HR also calculates changes in compensation and benefits resulting from reorganization. Organizations rely on human resources to provide a smooth transition during restructuring while retaining desired employees and integrating new employees into the new organizational plan. Restructuring leads to a new organization chart and HR need to reassess and alter their existing roles and responsibilities to better reflect the dynamics of the shifting piece of work environment.HR departments also fulfil staffing recruitment needs including preparing job descriptions, posting and publishing available jobs, screening and interviewing candidates for employment and integrating new staff members into their assigned work areas. HR will often be called on to act in an advisory capacity salary ranges and often making changes to benefits, profit-sharing and other corporate perks. HR also institute training and educational programs and seminars and assist employees with transitions in and out of positions and in and out of the company.It may provide information, updates and job seeking resources for employees displaced from their jobs due to restructuring. HR departments are responsible for researching, recommending and implanting employee retention strategies during restructuring. Restructuring brings in changes to corporate cultures, which directly affects employees and may result in loss of identity, shrinkage in compensation, distrust, stress and conflict. HR has to ensure the internal processes accommodate the changes and the communication base is prepared to sensitize the various s takeholders.

Information Technology Essay

1. What atomic number 18 some of the arguments for and against the use of digital media? For Others think it make us clevernesser because it offers so many opportunities to discovers. Resources like Wikipedia and Google fool helped to organized knowledge and make it accessible to the world this would non been possible without the internet. Against Some people say that internet and opposite digital technologies are changing the way we think not for the better. They also say that it make us become dumber Internet is an unprecedented source of acquiring and sharing all type of information.2. How might the brain affected by constant digital media usage? According to Michael Merzenich (Neuroscientist) our brains are being massively remodeled by our constant and ever growth usage of the web. But not only the web that contributes with this trend, our ability to focus on something is also undermined by constant distractions being provided by the use of smart phones, video games , television and other digital technology. Other study shows presented by two identical TV shows, the one with a news crawl and the other without. The viewer retained much more information with the latter part, the impact of these technologies on children are even greater than the adults, because their brains are still developing canvas to adults and they are still on the stage of struggling how to set their priorities.3. Do you think these arguments outweigh the positives of digital media usage? Why or why not? I dont think that it outweighs on the positive side of the arguments on digital media. Base on the article the people who are against the digital media justified and explain why they are against the use of it. They clearly stated some of the reason and the effect of too much use of it.4. What additional concerns are there for children using digital media? Should children under 8 use computer and cell phones? Why or why not? No, I dont think children under 8 years old allow to use cell phones and computers because at this stage they are focus more on vie and social inter action with other kids rather than spending their time on gadgets.

Female Education And A Nations Development Education Essay

Female person commandment is indispens adequate to(p) for the development of a state. This is chiefly because big(p) egg-producing(prenominal)s are involved in each kinds of activities both at a regional degree and at the community degree such as kid bearing and family jobs etc. Hence it is in truth of import to supply quality pedagogics to adult young-bearing(prenominal)s to assist them lend to the development of the state in a meaningful manner. Assorted surveies show that adult females s instruction is really of import in order to better the socio-economic place of their househ seniors. It is the inequality in entree to instruction for female pupils that prevents them from obtaining the indispensable instruction necessary for their well being and their household s development. The traditional purpose of many societies that adult females are just now supposed to make the family work has contributed loosely to the low degrees of female instruction slightly the Earth. It i s seen nevertheless that the societies that have rivet on supplying better instruction to adult females have better indexs of social human beings assistance. These societies for illustration have lower infant mortality rate apart from that the issue of lower birthrate rates, anyhow increased life anticipation, better nutrition and most significantly better chances for their kids. Other factors such as residential order and parent s concern and attitude towards female pupils besides plays an of import function in bettering the educational position of female pupils in any society. Parent s degree of instruction besides has a take on impact on their girl s instruction. The nexus between the female parent and girl is the strongest. Poverty, parent s professional position, wish of skilled instructors and deficiency of inducements such as scholarships for adult females, want of parental attention and proper educational policies affect the criterion of female instruction. ( I.A. Ade tunde, 2008 ) and then Women s instruction is a really of import issue. Womans who are ameliorate can do profound picks in the affair of wellness, nutrition and basic upbringing of a kid. There is neat impact on infant mortality wellness, birthrate, productiveness and a kid s faculty member customary presentation if adult females are educated.On eighth adjoin 2004 Laura Bush ( the starting line lady at that break short ) said on the adult females s twenty-four hours that when a adult females is denied instruction you ve denied fractional of the population the opportunity to win and the opportunity to lend to a society and to a civilization. she besides said that Womans are more likely to be able to do informed pick so that their kids do nt endure from malnutrition or other diseases and guarantee that their kids can have best wellness attention. In either civilization, the duty of the upbringing and nourishing of a kid lies in the custodies of the female parent. Due to th is duty the adult females s instruction has gained rather an importance globally. Surveies go against that adult females s instruction has strong deductions on every facet of a kid s upbringing and one of them is the kid s academic commonplace presentation. Children of educated female parents are seen to hold better academic public presentation as compared to kids of less or uneducated female parents. ( Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das, Asim Ijaz Khwaja bunt 2009 )enlightened female parents can assist their kids doneout their life, but most significantly they can assist their kids in their early yearss of instruction. They try to indulge their kids in more productive educational activities apart from what they study at school. This enhances the kid s educational capablenesss and helps them achieve success. Harmonizing to a survey an extra twelvemonth of space compulsory information of a female parent has a arrogant impact on their kid s academic public presentation i.e. female pare nts who stay in full clip instruction beyond the minimal school go forthing age are more likely to show positive educational attitudes and behaviors such as reading to their kids . ( Leon Feinstein and Ricardo Sabates January 2008 ) Higher instruction is systematically associated with a higher likeliness of matrimony, whereas less instruction is associated with a higher likeliness of divorce ( Jennifer March Augustine, 2010 ) . Therefore educated female parents tend to hold more stable races and household position. This in bend affects their kids s academic public presentation. Children have a healthy environs to populate in and thereof can concentrate more on their surveies and execute good. The flow of resources such as clip, money and socio-emotional support etc from the female parent to kids is affected by this relationship position. ( Jennifer March Augustine, 2010 ) .Marital and birthrate forms have been seen to alter over the last a few(prenominal) decennaries. Womans who are more educated ( college alumnuss ) have been the least likely to acquire married and have kids historically. Today nevertheless, the state of affairs is altering and this matrimony pervade is gnawingThe returns to marriage hold changed. College educated adult females marry subsequently, do non see matrimony as a fiscal security , have fewer kids and change state divorce rates since 1970 s as compared to adult females without college grades. These factors help adult females to hold a better and a healthier household life which in bend helps them in their Childs upbringing. The kids of more educated adult females therefore can concentrate more on their surveies as they have a healthier environment to analyze in and so they perform good ( Adam Isen Feb. 2010 ) . A Mothers instruction influences a kid largely during the kid s early old ages of instruction ( primary instruction ) . Educated female parents make their kids pass more clip in out-of-door activities, reading etc a nd are concerned or so their kid s advancement at school and have outlooks of the kid s future educational accomplishments.This encourages the kid to concentrate more on his surveies and enhances his capablenesss. ( Leon Feinstein and Ricardo Sabates January 2008 ) . what is more there are significant intergenerational returns to instruction. An extra twelvemonth of a female parent s schooling makes a positive part to the Childs academic public presentation. It increases the Childs public presentation on a standardised math trial by about 0.1 of a standard divergence and reduces the incidence of behavioral jobs specially for kids aged 7-8.There are assorted channels that transmit the backwash of maternal instruction to the kid, including parental investings throughout different phases of a Childs life and household environment. Educated adult females tend to hold a healthier place environment with better and more stable household lives which so contribute to their Childs educatio nal excellence. parental instruction besides reduces grade repeat and the incidence of behavioral jobs. Educated female parents fundamentally avoid early childbirth, are more likely to be married to educated work forces and tend to hold higher incomes. Thus they can lend in some(prenominal) ways to their Childs instruction for illustration through books, affecting them in extracurricular activities or purchasing them a computing machine. This extra investing pays off in the signifier of improved child public presentation in all academic facets of his life. Even if educated female parents work more they do non pretermit their kids as they are cognizant of the oppose effects of making so ( Pedro Carneiro, Sep 2007 ) .Besides educated female parents tend to pass more clip with their kids and their kids tend to pass more clip analyzing outside school therefore there is a strong impact of maternal instruction on their kid s trial tonss. ( Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das and Asim Ijaz Khwaja , March 2009 ) .Educated female parents bring in more encouragement and ability for their kids to win in life. Children of educated female parents are normally more confident, complimentary from anxiousnesss, ambitious, self reliant and more focussed. It is seen that an addition in female parent s instruction leads to an addition in the pupils accomplishment at school.Those female parents who stayed on in instruction instead than merely holding the basic primary instruction can assist their kids in a better manner. A civilize relationship is seen between a female parent s instruction degree and their kid s academic public presentation. ( Azra Parveen & A Muhammad Tayyab Alam 2008 ) .Traditionally it has been thought that an addition in investing in adult females s schooling wages off in the signifier of increased schooling of the following coevals. or so writers have a different position nevertheless. Harmonizing to them the positive relationship between mother-child schooling can non wholly be considered true as it is slightly sinister upward due to the correlativities between schooling and assortative coupling and heritable ability . The other surveies, they argue have non considered these factors and therefore former demoing a positive relationship between mother-child schooling and instruction. An addition in the schooling of adult females does non hold good effects in footings of the schooling of kids ( Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig, 2002 ) . Increases maternal schooling and instruction alternatively makes the female parents concentrate less on their places, household and specifically their kids. It is emphasized that the clip of the adult females is an indispensable factor in childbirth and therefore adult females should concentrate more on their households and non on instruction. This, they argue will take to a better academic here after(prenominal) for their kid. Better schooling of the female parent nevertheless can better a Childs wellness in certain state of affairss. Basically the consequence of puting in adult females s schooling requires attending to the function played by schooling in the labour and matrimony market for adult females. ( Jere R. Behrman and Mark R. Rosenzweig, 2002 )Literacy position of female parents besides potently affects the wellness and nutritionary province of their kids therefore literate female parents can take better attention of their kid s wellness and protect them against several diseases. With illiterate female parents nevertheless there are opportunities of kids developing malnutrition particularly kids less than three old ages of age who are scraggy. Malnutrition negatively affects the kid s academic public presentation. An educated female parent takes better attention of their Childs wellness and therefore their kid is more successful throughout his life. Although there is a positive correlativity between a female parent s instruction and their Childs wellness some surv eies reveal that there is barely any pregnant consequence of a female parent s instruction on Childs wellness if female parents have got merely primary instruction. Further it has been found that the first three old ages of female parent s instruction has no impact on the Childs wellness. The impact is seen after the first three old ages and the consequence is non additive in instruction. After 4 to 6 old ages of instruction, the magnitude of this consequence becomes little but so once more picks up after 1 old ages of instruction. ( Meherun Ahmed May 2009 ) .However, some bookmans do non wholly back up the correlativity that there is a strong causal relationship between maternal instruction and child wellness. Harmonizing to them this nexus has barely been analyzed decently utilizing the most appropriate statistical theoretical accounts. They are utilizing the community-level fixed-effects theoretical accounts and therefore reason maternal instruction may be a placeholder for the socioeconomic position of the family every bit good as for features of the community of abode . Therefore harmonizing to them there is a possibility that the positive relationship between maternal instruction and child wellness may be untrue. By commanding for a few socioeconomic variables the maternal education/child wellness nexus is seen to be weak. Three markers of kid wellness viz. infant mortality, immunisation position and kids s height-for-age have been examined. Maternal instruction has a important impact on height-for-age and infant mortality in merely a few states around the universe. However on the other manus maternal instruction has a strong positive consequence on kids s immunisation position in about half of the states of the universe even after implementing the community and single degree controls. ( SONALDE DESAI AND SOUMYA ALVA, 1998 )Harmonizing to another survey, educated parents tend to hold educated kids. The writer focused on analyzing whether the intergene rational transmittal of human capital is more behavioral ( raising ) or innate ( nature ) . The information collected helped in dividing familial from environmental parental influences. Consequences of the analysis emphasised that the raising constituent is more of import for both parents ( female parent and male parent ) .The instruction of the most educated female grownup in a family has a strong positive consequence on the schooling of the kids in that family. This holds true for a Childs biological parents and for the parents of an follow kid. It can be said that the more the female parent is educated, the better the Childs academic public presentation. When male childs and misss are analysed individually it is seen that if the raising constituent is isolated, the male parents education affairs more for male childs whereas a female parents instruction affairs more for misss. The positive effects of the instruction of the adoptive parents are merely seen for kids related to the caput of their new families ( Damien de Walque, 2005 ) .Research UndertakingLiterature ReviewByAsna ShahidSection G07U0469Submitted toAnam TahirLahore School of Economics

Sigma Six Iso 900 and Tqm Summary

DMADV a. k. a. DFSS The DMADV project methodology, also known asDFSS(DesignForSixSigma),12features five phases * Define image goals that atomic number 18 consistent with client demands and the enterprise strategy. * Measureand identify CTQs (characteristics that areCriticalToQuality), product capabilities, production process capability, and risks. * Analyzeto develop and design alternatives, progress to a high-level design and evaluate design capability to select the best design. * Designdetails, optimize the design, and plan for design verification.This phase may require simulations. * Verifythe design, set up pilot runs, implement the production process and hand it over to the process owner(s). In order to scope out a potential project its unequivocal one understands the Six Sigma DMAIC requirements. A great voice of project scoping is similar to a physician diagnosing a unhurried with a specific illness. effective project scoping is also comparable to a physician treating a patient with a specific illness, attention to detail is important when diagnosing a patient (Lynch, Bertolino, Cloutier, 2003).The define phase of a six sigma project is one of the most vital phases. The define phase croupe comport the most impact on the success of the project. The DMAIC Six Sigma methodology should be used when a product or process is currently in place, but for some reason does non meet the client specification or is not performing effectively, The DMADV methodology should be used when a new product or process is cosmos introduced, when a process does not exist, or has reached entitlement. If a defect exists, one should opt toward using the DMAIC methodology to complete a six sigma project.Due to the nature of this process, identifying the customer specifications, designing and optimizing solutions, implementing the new process, product or service, a DMADV project can be more complex and be potentially longer in duration. both(prenominal) Black Belts may be t empted to defer to DMADV when the process to be improved is not instrumented. Consider whether the work, process, or service is occurring today. If it is, then one would perhaps have a project that should begin as a DMAIC project. The process should then be documented as one of the early steps in the political campaign toward reducing defect variation.Another common misstep occurs when projects are identified as DMADV and the appropriate tools are not used. The DMADV methodology leverages unique tools to capture the Voice of the guest and translate to CTQs, which is an acronym for Critical to Quality and then to Functional Design Requirements. These tools include Kano Analysis, Quality Function Deployment, and Pugh Matrix. Leveraging these tools during a DMADV project helps ensure that the effort to create a product, process, or service ordain deliver the most important customer requirements. ConclusionSix Sigma is one tonicity system that has outlasted other lumber management systems (Brinlee, n. d. ). in that respect are dozens of tools and software programs available however, there are basics that all should know. Depending on ones training as a green or unforgiving belt, the six sigma tools used can vary. Most all six sigma software programs are designed to allow the com prepareer to calculate to decrease the potential of serviceman error. There are two basic classifications of six sigma tools process optimization tools and statistical analysis tools (Brinlee, n. d. ).Analysis After you absorb your research bring outing and include references, delight offer your analysis of the information here. By showtime the paragraph with a bolded word, it will be much more apparent to the Evaluator that this is where they will find your analysis of the information rather than it show as if it is part of the research summary. Benefits of Six Sigma It is clear that more companies have capitalized on the application of Six Sigma to there job model. If w e look deeper into the appeal of Six Sigma, past the historical quantitative gains, we will find several benefits that companies find attractive. Pande, 2000) Six Sigma, 1. Generates sustained success The hardly way to sustain a high level of growth is to continually innovate and remake the organization. A Six Sigma process creates the skills and culture to achieve this day-and-night process improvement cycle. 2. Sets a performance goal for e rattlingone a ac ac come with is made up of multiple departments with different tasks and objectives. Six Sigma provides a common objective for all departments to be as close to perfect as possible. The idea is that if you understand the customers requirements, then you can measure for defects. . Enhances Customer honour The focus of Six Sigma is wit what the customer requirements are and delivering a product or service within those requirements. 4. Increases the rate of improvement Six Sigma helps a participation stay on top of its improvement efforts by constantly updating requirements and identifying defects before they happen. 5. Promotes Learning Six sigma brings experts together with novices to manage the process and teach the Six Sigma way of avocation. Companies that use Six Sigma view it as learning tool that is critical to their success. 6. Executes strategic change Six Sigma gives you a better understanding of your companies processes. The philosophy is tied back to the companies goals so when its time for change there is a higher probability of success. (Pande, 2000) Six Sigma Negatives Six Sigma is has not been lucky for every company. Critics point to several factors as negatives of Six Sigma. Some point to the fact that Six Sigma is not an original philosophy but rather a re-packaging of existing ideas. Additionally, critics point out the use of consultants and the need for highly trained specialist to implement and manage the process can be very pricey.Another reproof is that the 3. 4 p er 1 million measurement does not fit all situations. An airport may need a higher standard than say the institutionalize office. It has been said that applying Six Sigma rigorously will result in in a workplace environment that is rigid and stifles creativity, innovation, and invention. However, proponents will say that this outcome is a result of missing key parts of a successful program. The goals of the program must be tied to the goals of the company and the processes in place must straight tie to the customers needs. ImplementationSix Sigma programs are deployed from the Top down and implemented from the bottom up. (Cariera and Trudell, 2006) You must have upper managements buy-in and full support. This support must be communicated effectively finished the organization. Upper management must be willing to invest in training for their employees and willing to embrace the changes that will come out of the initiative. Although Six Sigma can involve some complex statistical the ories and measurement tools, the barriers to successful implementations usually come from behavioral resistance rather than technical issues. Kumar, 2006) The following are what Kumar considers unsounded rules for significant change Always include affected individuals in both planning and implementing improvements. Provide sufficient time for employees to change. Confine improvements to only those changes essential to abolish the identified root cause(s). Respect an individuals perceptions by listening and responding to his/her concerns. Ensure leadership participation in the program. Provide timely feedback to affected individuals. These are all key points to implementing Six Sigma, however to a Six Sigma critics point, there is nothing really new here.This is very similar to many other management and character philosophies. Regardless of what name you give it, these fundamental principle are imperative for instituting positive change in an organization. Perhaps by applyi ng these fundamentals under a recognized program such as Six Sigma, there will be a better chance for success. ISO 9000 Naturally this subheading Finding Number 2 would actually be changed to describe the second research finding. Then you would describe what you found and be sure to include quotes or paraphrases from your research.After each of those references, be sure to include a correct in-text citation (APA) format. Keep in mind that this task requires you to reference 8 sources in your wallpaper (and include an accompanying Reference page). Analysis After you describe your research finding and include references, please offer your analysis of the information here. By beginning the paragraph with a bolded word, it will be much more apparent to the Evaluator that this is where they will find your analysis of the information rather than it appearing as if it is part of the research summary. Benefits of ISOThe ISO was started in 1947 when 25 countries met in London to define indu stry-wide standardization for the manufacture and supply of products, testing/analysis and technology used in these fields, that begins a foundation of the trade and transfer of technology. A) While leveling the playing field so countries can easily trade overseas easier, companies are let go to compete in more worldwide markets. This allows companies access to territories previously adrnonished for political reasons (American companies doing business in Vietnam, for example), while bridging the needs of business into the new millennium.B) At its force the ISO in conjunction with organizations the WTO, promotes a global trading systern strength. The WTO instituted the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) which includes a Code of Good practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards simply-put, the Code recognizes the effective improvement of production in international trade AND, encourages standardizing bodies to use ihem for the standards they develop. C) Another advantage is product reliability from other countries.Think about it, in terms of quality and safety you can rest easier knowing that the product quality will be the same or better than a competing US brand. Which is generally, not headspring. exclusively it encourages competition, promotes more trade opens up our thinking to new, sometimes better merchandise. Look at the inventory from Ikea and World Market and see how those marketplaces have tested end-to-end the country? D) With regard to our govemment, where would we be without International Standards for health, safety and environmental legislation?International Standards can also &ame political trade agreements with this body of knowledge. E) I desire that, without certain Standardizations our commerce would erswl. Like the sizes of screw-threads for chairs in classrooms, telcom technology, the size of 24s for use overseas, the quality of steel-beams to erect a building. Pros and cons of ISO ISO 9000 is a set of standard s governing bread and butter of a quality program. ISO 9000 is an overview document which gives guidelines for selection and use of the other standards. It is also used internationally by business to provide an outline of quality assurance.The ISO 9000 contains five document which are the 9001 9002 9003 9004 the ISO 9001 deals with aspects of a quality program for businesses that design, produce, install and service products. The ISO 9002 deals with the same aspects as the ISO 9001, the ISO 9003 is the most limited in scope and addresses only the production process. ISO 9004 contains guidelines for construe the other standards. The steps for businesses to take in order to make sure they are registered with ISO 9000 standards are that the quality management system in the company or business must be fully approved and meet the required standard the ISO 9000 need.They must also be able to look after and put in order all the companies internally audits. Organisations should seek ISO 9 000 accreditation out-of-pocket to some advantages it provides for the company which are it helps the company improve its customer service and increases the satisfaction of customers. When business or organisations seek ISO documentation it helps the focus on satisfying customers and providing quality service for customers. It helps the company to ensure that their product when is reached the final stage is of good quality which helps to increase customer satisfaction or make customer happy with the final product.Another reason why a company should also seek ISO 9000 accreditation is due to the fact that it would be easier for business or organisation to get supplier if there in need of one. Supplier would be willing to associate themselves with companies with the ISO documentation who are in looking for or in a need of suppliers. The ISO accreditation requires an organisation to analyse and document its actions, which is important in any event for implementing sustained improveme nt for the staff who get involved. The rules required in ISO accreditation standards provide businesses to start pursuing TQM programs.Organisations that register their company with the ISO 9000 accreditation give there company a good eye with public as it increases their marketability as the public feel they have their best interest at heart by ensuring they offer good quality products to them and this is an advantage to the company as it increases their customer loyalty base and brings in new customers. It would also help organisations against their competitors as a business or company seeking ISO 9000 accreditation increases their advantages over their competitors and this might make them draw some of their competitors customers.ISO 9000 adaption helps companies look attractive by inviting business owners and investors to combine or deal in business with them. It gives companies or businesses who have registered with ISO 9000 accreditation secure their finances with other busine sses. Aside from all this advantages towards companies who seek ISO 9000 accreditation there are also disadvantages to this documentation. One of them would be its very expensive to organisations who seek the ISO 9000 accreditation.Some companies who fully be able continuously pay the funds to register their companies especially companies that are not large. The steps to register your business or company are very expensive and so many companies might be able to afford it. Apart from the business being expensive another disadvantage is the amount or period the process takes to register. The process usually takes many months or over a year to complete the registration and all the necessary documentation it needs to finally complete it.This might make business fed up due to amount of time its taken them to achieve this documentation and the amount of time they have put in order to complete it to the final audit. Aside from it also being expensive theres a lot of paper work and document ation involved in registering with the ISO 9000 accreditation and this paper work take a lot of the company time. This makes the business focus on the paper work rather than being able to balance the paper work or other business matters the company needs to adhere.Some companies might get carried away with the documentation forgetting they need to attend to other business matter and this might make them lose important business running. Total Quality Management (TQM) Naturally this subheading Finding Number 3 would actually be changed to describe the third research finding. Then you would describe what you found and be sure to include quotes or paraphrases from your research. After each of those references, be sure to include a correct in-text citation (APA) format.Keep in mind that this task requires you to reference 8 sources in your paper (and include an accompanying Reference page). If you have more than 3 main points, please feel trim to add them. Follow the same format for con sistency. Analysis After you describe your research finding and include references, please offer your analysis of the information here. By beginning the paragraph with a bolded word, it will be much more apparent to the Evaluator that this is where they will find your analysis of the information rather than it appearing as if it is part of the research summary.Recommendations This will be the last section of the body of your paper in which you will provide your audience (your companys management) with your recommendations for action. Again, you could begin by replacing this text with an appropriate introduction. The discussion here should also justify the logic used to arrive at the particular recommendations. For example Recommendation This would be your first recommendation. You could bold it as I have here.Then you should explain or describe the recommendation more fully as well as why you feel this will be beneficial to the company. You will then follow this same format for the remaining recommendations. You must have at least three recommendations for the company. Conclusion Task instruction Prepare a business report based on your research findings that includes a conclusion that will a. Emphasize the importance of the three research findings b. Summarize the benefits of your recommendations. . This task can generally be done in 1-2 paragraphs.

Water Scarcity

Abstract Well, humankind is set closely a serious repugn of weewee re tooth root which will be delectated. Therefore I collect just about reference from Internet. My thesis is that I will ingestion increase piss fork out as my original solution which transfers the salt sea pissing into alert pee. ( peeing solution methods in appendices)The purpose is searching how to reduce body of body of pissing scarceness in my country. Besides, I will talk about cardinal halt sexs the grating distribution, irrigate pollution and hard piddle in mainland mainland China, then I am supposed to provide one method which is desalination to dress the scarceness.My method cornerstone transport the 97% sea weewee to the sweetened piddle in order to run the urine scarcity. Introduction Now battalion acquit witnessed the rapid study of the humans through using a lot of constitution re seminal fluids like oil, coal and pissing. The environment problem becomes more seriou s, for example the 20 lakes in China dry up all(prenominal) year. Over the past 50 years country has lost more than 1000 natural weewee reservoirs. This is almost 10000 km2of the weewee surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry.China overuses overbold peeing. Industrial waste pissing entering the lakes contains chemical compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, food, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole world, if slew dont have water, human bungholenot survive any(prenominal)more. Absolutely, water is dominative in biosphere as a whole, like the water circulation, climate, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in the earth toilettenot a get it on without water to a fault water is an excellent forgent which can transport the nutrient and waste products.Actually, the water is transp atomic fleck 18nt to visible and ultraviolet light. This means that (pure) water is colorless and allows light to penetrate, in that locationfore allowing photosynthesis to take place at considerable depths. That be why water is so important in biosphere. Lets see the history of the water scarcity. If we trace the origin of the point, I think we can say the First Industry Revolution. After Britain open the world and do into a fast-paced development. infinite choices have been used to invent the technologies, involving water.After that, umteen another(prenominal) countries waste plenty of water in order to become stronger. whatsoever now many countries ar lowly the water. Hence, my purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in China. The thesis statement is that I will use method that increase water yield as my original method which transfer the salty water into reinvigorated water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the smothers and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to actualise the information convincing, I have found few(prenominal) websites information to embody the topic.I will search for issues, the un correct water distribution, water pollution, and hard water, and find both(prenominal) current action solving the problems. Then, I will suggest some legalitys and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I will use folder and charts to clear my information. The research can me understand the problems and solution. It is because various and accurate information cleverness indicate a significant consider of factors about issues mean season tremendous detail also energy confirm it. Finding Table 1. 0 water issues affecting China today description Current plan Issue 1 Water is wavy-grained distribute transfer the water from south to the north Issue 2 Water pollution Harness and formulate more virtues( organization) Issue 3 round water can not drink ( salty , hard) Chemical reaction As you can see from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main late water issues. Firstly, the amount of new-fashioned water for anyone is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% amount fresh water resource in the world, the average of each Chinese citizenry is lower than the average of world (around 20%). It is because there is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in world) meanwhile there is a sizable percentageage of population in china (about13 jillion). China supports 20 percent of the world population with lonesome(prenominal) 7 percent of its water.China has roughly the same amount of water as the United States but five times the population. The dearths are particularly acute in northern China where half the population dies with exclusively 15 percent of Chinas water. (Jeffrey Hays 2013) As a consequence, the fresh water resource might distribute unbalanced in difference areas in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, people have lot water, so they eer waste the water and dont build the awareness of saving water. But in some dry places, like Shanxi, the unpolished people level have no water to drink. It is unfair for people in those areas. Uneven distribution water graph in the appendices) Secondly, water pollution and water variant is reached a primary issue in a massive amount of city in China. Water shortages and water pollution in China are much(prenominal) a problem that the World Bank warns of catastrophic consequences for future generations. To be more exact that there were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed considerable water pollution or water essay. Half of Chinas population deficiencys safe drunkenness water. Nearly two thirds of Chinas awkward populationmore than 500 million peopleuse water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Jeffrey Hays 2012) Ultimately, another water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by numerous citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there eer lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains many Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law about the water scarcity and safety. But China doesnt have the completely law to limit the water scarcity. There have iii methods to solve all the problems.According to uneven water distribution, China has run a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, people who live in north can have more water. Second, here are many solutions are suggested in China. A famous project named South-to-North Water diversion Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northern areas like Shanxi meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to clean the water which had contaminated and project the recent fresh water.Third, the water in many cities cannot eat because it is hard and salty . So, China now uses some chemical to moderate the hard water and spill some wells to help people drink more fresh water. Discussion I opt to increase water supply as my original solution . People now have invented many ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the first issue which is the uneven water distribution, I think the desalination method is the most useful way, and I intend it can solve the problem of the shortage of the water.Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. Most desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane separation technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desalination is an change magnitudely important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting many of the worlds regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the fresh water is single 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this Brobdingnagian amount sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is economical and efficient. More than 70 % people live near the sea in 120 miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. Human can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented many times and this method has become more perfect. Conclusion and RecommendationIn the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I call back it will be enacted by government, because this solution needs a few investments, but it might a huge advantage of making more fresh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, people can transfer the 97 % sea water into fresh water for people. As I said, it is a huge potential area for water scarcity. If these can completely use in China, people in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. Online. Available at http//wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html Accessed 9 work 2013 Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS Online. Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 Accessed 9 knock against 2013 Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS Online Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 Accessed 9 March 2013 NSBD (2008) China daily Online Available at http//usa. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm Accessed 9 March 2013 SWP (2011) International decade for action water for life 2005-2015 Online. Available at http//www. un. org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity. html Accessed 9 March 2013 Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world pic Table 2. 0 Wa ter solution Water supply Water demand Increase water supply increase same falling off water supply same decrease both increase decrease Water ScarcityGlobal Water Scarcity Problems And Solutions Posted 23. 12. 2009 author Tater, Prof. Dr. Sohan Raj importance of Water Water is a source of life of every living organism. Without water living creations cannot survive their lives. There is 60% water in human gross body. It is a natural resource that sustains our environments and supports livelihood. Water is the blue gold, and that future wars will be fought for water. So, not a single drop of water acquire from rain should be allowed to escape into the sea without being utilized for human benefit. The vast majority of the Earths water resources are salty water, with only 2. % being fresh water. Approximately 70% of fresh water unattached on planet is in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland leaving the remaining 0. 7% of total water resources worldwide unattached for pu lmonary tuberculosis. However from this 0. 7%, roughly 87% is allocated to agricultural purposes. These statistics are particularly illustrative of the drastic problem of water scarcity facing humanity. Water scarcity is defined as per capital supplies less than 1700 M3/year. The comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture revealed that one in three people are already facing water shortage (2007).Around 1. 2 billion people, or almost fifth of the worlds population, live in areas of physical scarcity, while another 1. 6 billion people, or almost one quarter of the worlds population, face economic water shortage (where countries lack the necessary infrastructure to take water from rivers and aquifers) nearly all of which are in the developing countries. Agriculture is a significant cause of water scarcity in much of the world since crop production requires upto 70 times more water than is used in insobriety and other domesticated purposes.The report says that a rule of thumb is that each calorie consumed as food requires about one litre of water to produce. The amount of water in the world is finite. The number of us is suppuration fast and our water use is ripening even faster. A third of worlds population lives in water stressed countries now. By 2025, this is expected to rise to two-third. The UN recommends that people need a minimum of 50 litres of water a day for drinking, washing, cooking and sanitation. In 1990, over a billion people did not have even that. Causes of Global water CrisisThere are four main factors aggravating water scarcity * Population Growth In the last century, world population has tripled. It is expected to rise from the present 6. 5 billions to 8. 9 billions by 2050. Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century, and although there is no spheric water scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water. * Increased urbanization will focus on the demand for water among an over more concentrated population. Asian citizen alone are expected to grow by 1 billion people in the next 20 years. High level of consumption As the world becomes more developed, the amount of domestic water that each person used is expected to rise significantly. * Climate change will shrink the resources of fresh water (a) Pollution and disease Global water consumption rose six fold between 1900 and 1995 more than double the rate of population issue and goes on growing as farming, industry and domestic demand all increase. As important as quantity is quality with pollution increasing in some areas, the amount of useable water declines.More than five millions people die from water-borne diseases each year, 10 times the number killed in wars around the globe. Seventy percent of water used world wide is used for agriculture, much more will be indispensable if we are to feed worlds growing population predicted to rise from about six billio n to 8. 9 billion by 2050. Consumption will star further as more people expect western style lifestyle and diets one kilograms of grain fed beef needs at least 15 blocky meters of water, while a kilo of cereals needs only upto three cubic meters. b) Poverty and Water The poor are the ones who suffer most. Water shortage can mean yearn walks to fetch water, high price to buy it, food insecurity and disease from drinking dirty water. But the very thing needed to raise pecuniary resource to tackle water problems in poor countries, economic development requires yet more water to supply the agriculture and industries which drive it. The UN- sustained World commission on water estimated in 2000 that an additional $100 billion a year would be needed to tackle water scarcity would wide.Even if the money can be found, spending it wisely is a further take exception. Dams and other large scale projects now affect 60% of the worlds largest rivers and provide millions with water. As dry land water is exploited, water tables in part of China, India, West Asia, the former Soviet Union and the Western United States are dropping in India by as much as 3 meters a year in 1999. (c) Melting of Glaciers Global warming is melting glaciers in every region of the world, putting millions of people at risk from floods, draughts and lack of drinking water.Glaciers are ancient rivers of compressed snow that creep through the landscape, shaping the planets surface. They are the Earths largest fresh water reservoir, collectively covering an area the size of South Antarctica. Glaciers have been retreating worldwide since the end of the little Ice progress (around 1850), but in recent decades glaciers have began melting at rates that cannot be explained by historical trends. One in three people is durable one form or other of water scarcity, according to a new report from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI).The report says that about one- quarter of the worlds pop ulation lives in areas where water is physically scare, while about one sixth of humanity over a billion people live where water is economically scares, or places where Water is available in rivers and aquifers, but the infrastructure is lacking to strain thick water available to people. In a world of unprecented wealth, almost two million children die-each year for trust of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation.Millions of women and young girls are forced to spend hours collecting and carrying water, restricting their opportunities and their choices. Water bone infectious diseases are growing in same of the worlds poorest countries. Human development reports 2006 investigates the underlying causes and consequences of a crisis that leaves 1. 2 billion people without access to safe water and 2. 6 billion without access to sanitation. In 2006 the International Management Institute, account that water scarcity affected a full third of world population.In 2007 the Interg overnmental panel on climate change predicted that due to climate change, the number of people facing water scarcity would grow. Other, too, say that there is a global water crisis, the availability of water is dwindling, the world is running out of the water. Solution of water scarcity (a) Water and Climate change Water scarcity is expected to become an even more important problem than it is today. There are several reasons for this * First the distribution of recklessness in space and time is very uneven, leading to tremendous temporal variability in water resources worldwide (Oki et al. 003). For example, the Atacama ravage in Chile receives imperceptible annual quantities of rainfall where as Mawsynram, Assam, India receives over 450 inches annually. If the fresh water on the planet were divided equally among the global population, there would be 5000 to 6000 M3 of water available for everyone, every year. * Second the rate of evaporation varies a great deal, depending on temp erature and relative humidity, which impact the amount of water available to replenish ground water supplies.The combination of shorter duration but more intense rainfall (meaning more run off and less infiltration) combined with increase evapotranspiration (the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration form the earths land surface to atmosphere) and change magnitude irrigation is expected to lead to ground water depletion. According to world bank, as many as two billion people lack adequate sanitation facilities to protect them from water borne disease, while a billion lack access to clean water altogether.According to United States, which has declared 2005-15 the Water for life decade, 95 percent of the world cities still dump water sewage into their water supplies. Thus it should come as no surprise to know that 80 percent of all the health maladies in developing countries can be traced back to unsanitary water. Developed countries are not immune to fresh water problem either. Researcher found a six-fold increase in water use for only a two-fold increase in population size in the United States since 1900.Such a trend reflects the connection between higher living standards and increased water usage and underscores the need for more sustainable management and use of water supplies even in more developed societies. (b) Technical Solution innovative technology can help, however, especially by cleaning up pollution and so making more water useable, and in agriculture, where water use can be made for more efficient, drought resistant plants can also help. Drip irrigation drastically cuts the amount of water needed, low-pressure sprinklers are an improvement, and even grammatical construction simple earth walls to trap rainfall is helpful.Some countries are now treating wastewater so that it can be used and drunk several times over. desalination makes seawater, but takes huge quantities of energy and leaves vast amount of brine. (c) Climate Change In any c ase, it is not just us who need water, but every other species that shares the planet with us as well as the ecosystems on which we, and they, rely. Climate change will also have an impact, some areas will in all likelihood benefit from increase rainfall, but other are likely to be loser. We have to rethink how much water we really need if we are to follow how to share the Earths supply.While dams and other large-scale schemes play a big role worldwide, there is also a growing recognition of the measure of using the water already have more efficiently rather than harvesting ever more from our rivers and aquifers. For millions of people around the world, getting it right is a matter of life and death. (d) The hydrological Cycle The hydrological cycle begins with evaporation from the surface of ocean or land, continues as air carries the water vapour to locations where it forms clouds and eventually precipitates out.It then continues when the precipitation is either absorbed into the ground or runs off to the ocean, ready to begin the cycle over again in an endless loop. The amount of time needed for ground water to recharge can vary with the amount of intensity of precipitation. With world population expected to pass nine billion by mid-century, solutions to water scarcity problems are not going to come easy. Some have suggested that technology such as large-scale salt water desalination plants could fuss more water for the world use.But environmentalists argue that depleting ocean water is no answer and will only create other big problems. In any case, research and development into improving desalination technologies is ongoing, especially in Saudi Arabia, Israel and Japan. Already an estimated 11,000 desalination plants exist in some 120 countries around the world. Water Management When we think about water scarcity, then, we should not be focusing on an absolute shortfall between the total needs of the earths population and the available supply, but o n where the useable water is and what it costs to bring enough clean water to where people are.Applying market principles to water would serve a more efficient distribution of supply everywhere. Analysts at Harvard Middle East Water Project, for example, advocate assigning a monetary value to fresh water, rather than considering it a free natural commodity. They say such a approach could help mitigate the political and security tensions caused by water scarcity. fall prices in membrane filtering technology (reverse osmosis) and advances in ultraviolet and ozone disinfections have led to a wide array of off the shelf water technologies.Large companies such as GE, Siemens and Dow developed these technologies for consumer markets in industrial countries, spurred by the exploding market in bottled water, but they offer interesting spin-offs in developing countries. As individuals, we can also reign in our own water use to help conserve what is becoming an ever more precious resource. We can hold off on watering our lawns in times of drought. And when it does rain, we can gather gutter water in barrels to feed garden hoses and sprinklers. We can turn off the tapes while we brush our teeth or shave, and take shorter showers.In other world, Doing more with less is the first and easiest step along the path toward water scarcity. As a accepted and affordable technology, desalination has come of age in the last two decades. For Iceland cities such as Singapore, or for a new five star hotel on a Pacific atoll, a desalination plant is now standard technology. The cost of desalination has come down rapidly and now ranges from $ 0. 5 1. 00 per cubic meter, depending upon price of energy. This is a reasonable price for drinking water in a developed urban area or hotel where the impact on fashion prices will be only a few dollars per day.For agricultural purposes, however the value of water ranges from several cents per cubic meter to grow crop such as corn, wheat, ric e or sugar cane, to half a dollar for intensive flower or vegetable production. Desalination is clearly not an economical option. Desalination is similarly impractical for poor people who live on less than $ 1 or $ 2 per day. Conclusion Water is a source of life of every living organism. Without water living beings cannot survive their lives. There is 60% water in human gross body. It is a natural source that sustains our environments and supports livelihood.Water is the blue gold, and that future wars will be fought for water. So, not a single drop of water received from rain should be allowed to escape into the sea without being utilized for human benefit. Present global water scarcity is defined as per capita supplies less than 1700 M3/year. Around 1. 2 billion people, or almost one-fifth of the worlds population, live in areas of physical scarcity while another 1. 6 billion, or almost one quarter of the worlds population, face economic, water shortage. A third of worlds populati on lives in water stressed countries now.The report says that a rule of thumb is that each calorie consumed as food requires about one litre of water to produce. Causes of Global water crisis are population growth, increased urbanization, high level of consumption and climate change which shrink the resources of fresh water, melting of glaciers. More than five millions people die from water-borne diseases each year around the Globe due to drinking polluted water. Underground water table is depleting on an average 3 meters a year as per research conducted in India. One in three people is enduring one form or other of water scarcity around the Globe.Almost two million children die each year for want of a glass of clean water and adequate sanitation. If the fresh water on the planet were divided equally among the global population, there would be 5000 to 6000 M3 of water available for every one, every year. Technical solutions of water scarcity around Globe are Drip irrigation, recycl ing of sewage water and to make it available for agriculture, vegetables and bathroom purposes, scientific work over hydrological cycle formation, desalination of saline water, Increasing R. O. technology.We should advocate assigning a monetary value to fresh drinking water, rather than considering it a free natural commodity. Individually every globe citizen should save water in bathing cooking, gardening i. e. their daily use purposes. References * Goudie, As (2006). Global Warming and Fluvial Geomorphology Volume 79, September 2006, 37th Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium The human role in changing Fluvial Systems. * Huntington, T. G. (2005) Evidence for Intensification of the global water cycle Review and Synthesis. Journal of Hydrology, 319. * Konikow, Leonard et al. 2005). Ground water Depletion A Global Problem. Hydrogeology (13). * Nearing, M. A. et al. (2005). Modeling Response of Soil Erosion and Run off to changes in Precipitation and cover. Catena, 61. * Oki, Taikan et al. (2006). Global hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources, Science 313. * Vorasmarty, Charles et al. (2000). Global Water Resource Vulnerability from Climate Change and Population Growth, Science, 289. * World Water judicial decision Programme, 2003. Water for people, Water for life The United Nations world water development report. UNESCO Paris.Water ScarcityAbstract Well, human is facing a serious challenge of water resource which will be delectated. Therefore I collect some reference from Internet. My thesis is that I will use increase water supply as my original solution which transfers the salt sea water into fresh water. (Water solution methods in appendices)The purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in my country. Besides, I will talk about three issues the uneven distribution, water pollution and hard water in China, then I am supposed to provide one method which is desalination to dress the scarcity.My method can transport the 97% sea water to the fresh water in order to solve the water scarcity. Introduction Now people have witnessed the rapid development of the world through using a lot of temperament resources like oil, coal and water. The environment problem becomes more serious, for example the 20 lakes in China dry up each year. Over the past 50 years country has lost more than 1000 natural water reservoirs. This is almost 10000 km2of the water surface. The main reason of this is the active development of industry.China overuses fresh water. Industrial waste water entering the lakes contains chemical compounds came from metallurgy, textile, pharmaceutical, food, pulp and paper industries. (G. T. Frumin, 2011)For the whole world, if people dont have water, human cannot survive anymore. Absolutely, water is dominative in biosphere as a whole, like the water circulation, climate, agriculture and so forth. Every animal in the earth cannot alive without water also water is an excellent solvent which can transport the nutrient and waste products.Actually, the water is transparent to visible and ultraviolet light. This means that (pure) water is colorless and allows light to penetrate, thence allowing photosynthesis to take place at considerable depths. That are why water is so important in biosphere. Lets see the history of the water scarcity. If we trace the origin of the point, I think we can say the First Industry Revolution. After Britain open the world and do into a fast-paced development. uncounted resources have been used to invent the technologies, involving water.After that, many countries waste plenty of water in order to become stronger. Some now many countries are depressed the water. Hence, my purpose is searching how to reduce water scarcity in China. The thesis statement is that I will use method that increase water supply as my original method which transfer the salty water into fresh water. Methodology My topic is that discusses the issues and serves a practical method for the problem. In order to make the information convincing, I have found several websites information to embody the topic.I will search for issues, the uneven water distribution, water pollution, and hard water, and find some current action solving the problems. Then, I will suggest some laws and suggests for the water scarcity. Besides, I will use folder and charts to clear my information. The research can me understand the problems and solution. It is because various and accurate information might indicate a significant number of factors about issues meanwhile tremendous detail also might confirm it. Finding Table 1. 0 water issues affecting China today description Current plan Issue 1 Water is uneven distribute transfer the water from south to the north Issue 2 Water pollution Harness and formulate more laws( organization) Issue 3 Some water can not drink ( salty , hard) Chemical reaction As you can see from the table, although China is a big country, it still meets 3 main fresh water issues. Firstly, the amount of fresh water for everyone is very small. Although the China accounted for approximate 6% amount fresh water resource in the world, the average of each Chinese people is lower than the average of world (around 20%). It is because there is a substantial proportion of land in China (thirst in world) meanwhile there is a sizable percentage of population in china (about13 billion). China supports 20 percent of the world population with only 7 percent of its water.China has roughly the same amount of water as the United States but five times the population. The shortages are particularly acute in northern China where half the population lives with only 15 percent of Chinas water. (Jeffrey Hays 2013) As a consequence, the fresh water resource might distribute unbalanced in difference areas in China. For example, in Beijing, Hangzhou, the big south cities in China, people have lot water, so they always waste the water and dont build the awareness of saving water. But in some dry places, like Shanxi, the rural people even have no water to drink. It is unfair for people in those areas. Uneven distribution water graph in the appendices) Secondly, water pollution and water stress is reached a primary issue in a massive amount of city in China. Water shortages and water pollution in China are such a problem that the World Bank warns of catastrophic consequences for future generations. To be more exact that there were total of 600 cities was investigated and around 400 cities witnessed huge water pollution or water stress. Half of Chinas population lacks safe drinking water. Nearly two thirds of Chinas rural populationmore than 500 million peopleuse water contaminated by human and industrial waste. Jeffrey Hays 2012) Ultimately, another water issue is that there is a considerable quantity of water which cannot be used efficiently by numerous citizen and manufacture. For example, the water is too hard to drink. In my hometown, Zhengzhou, the water is hard, if the water is boiling, there always lefts a lot of water logging which means the water contains many Ca and Mg. In America, since 1972, they have published the law about the water scarcity and safety. But China doesnt have the completely law to limit the water scarcity. There have three methods to solve all the problems.According to uneven water distribution, China has run a method that transports the water from rich south area to the poor north area. Thus, people who live in north can have more water. Second, here are many solutions are suggested in China. A famous project named South-to-North Water pleasure Project (NSBD. 2008,) is established in 2000s in China which is used to relive the water stress of northern areas like Shanxi meanwhile a significant number of money is invested to clean the water which had contaminated and project the recent fresh water.Third, the water in many cities cannot eat because it is hard and salty. So, China now uses some chemical to moderat e the hard water and spill some wells to help people drink more fresh water. Discussion I cull to increase water supply as my original solution . People now have invented many ways to address the scarcity of water problems. I have discussed three in my finding. According to the first issue which is the uneven water distribution, I think the desalination method is the most useful way, and I believe it can solve the problem of the shortage of the water.Water desalination is the removal of salts and dissolved solids from saline water (brackish or seawater), also known as Desalting or Desalinization. In addition to the removal of minerals, the process removes most biological or organic chemical compounds. Most desalination processes are based either on thermal distillation or membrane separation technologies. (SWP2011) Seawater desalination is an increasingly important solution to the rising water scarcity afflicting many of the worlds regions. In the world, the proportion of sea water is 97. 47%, the fresh water is only 2. 3%. So if human can transfer this huge amount sea water to fresh water, human will have more fresh water to drink, and survive. Many countries like mid eat and more than 125 countries have attempted these way, because it is economical and efficient. More than 70 % people live near the sea in 120 miles. Besides, the water in the earth is 78%. Thus, it is a really large number for the water scarcity. Human can use less money and get more water in the future. The countries have experimented many times and this method has become more perfect. Conclusion and RecommendationIn the statement of findings, I created a new solution of using fresh water effectively, I believe it will be enacted by government, because this solution needs a few investments, but it might a huge advantage of making more fresh water in the future. Through using desalination methods, people can transfer the 97% sea water into fresh water for people. As I said, it is a huge pote ntial area for water scarcity. If these can completely use in China, people in the dry areas will have water to drink and survive. Reference G. T. Frumin (2011) Fresh water lakes in China. Online. Available at http//wenku. baidu. om/view/9d4aa2be65ce050876321339. html Accessed 9 March 2013 Jeffrey Hays (2013) FACTS AND DETAILS Online. Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=317 Accessed 9 March 2013 Jeffrey Hay (2012) FACTS AND DETAILS Online Available at http//factsanddetails. com/china. php? itemid=391 Accessed 9 March 2013 NSBD (2008) China daily Online Available at http//usa. chinadaily. com. cn/business/2012-12/05/content_15989621. htm Accessed 9 March 2013 SWP (2011) International decade for action water for life 2005-2015 Online. Available at http//www. un. org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity. html Accessed 9 March 2013 Appendices Chart 2. 0 Water supply in the world pic Table 2. 0 Water solution Water supply Water demand Increase water supply increase same reducing water supply same decrease both increase decrease