Air Quality and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Air Quality and Health - Essay Example Environmental Protection Agency 2006, 2009). Before the start of clean air laws in advanced nations, the fatal impacts of air pollutants,because of fuel burning were obvious throughout numerous severe air effluence incidents. It turned out to be clear to the civic that huge numbers of people deceased and several were fell sick by way of dust and sulphur dioxide, the ‘Great Smog’ incident in 1952 (Davis 2002, Bell 2001). The incident was occurred because of combustion of coal, petroleum fuels and gas in blend with stagnant climate environments. The awfully high levels of contamination affected huge and noticeable upturns in the number of day-to-day demises and sicknesses due to lung and cardiac ailment, obvious regardless of the absence of refined statistical analyses. These episodes created consciousness that free burning of fossil fuels in and near metropolises was injurious to civic well-being. Ultimately, state, local and, centralized rules and guidelines for instance ‘The Clean Air Act’ initiated in monitoring pollution from burning of fossil fuels (Stevens, ND). Air Quality Air effluence can have a grave consequence on publics’ wellbeing. ... Air pollution as well has undesirable influences on the atmosphere, together with straight impacts of contaminants on flora, andsecondarily, by properties on the acid and nutrient status of soils and waters. The UK Government’s main goal is to make certain that all people must have right to use open air devoid of substantial menace to the well-being, everywhere this is financially and technically feasible. (DEFRA,2007) The AQI (Air Quality Index) is an index used for to assess daily air quality. It gives an idea how fresh or contaminated the air is, and what related health impacts might be an alarm for the concerned. The AQI emphases on health impacts one might experience in a period of time after exposing to contaminated air. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) analyses the AQI for five most important air contaminants regulated by the Clean Air Act: ground-level ozone, particle matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. For all of these co ntaminants, EPA has given national air quality standards to safeguard civic wellbeing. Consider the AQI as a gauge that calibrated from 0 to 500. If the AQI value is higher, the greater is the level of air contamination and the greater is the health disquiet. For instance, an AQI value of 50 signifies good air quality with no risk to civic wellbeing, whereas an AQI value over 300 signifies harmful air quality. An AQI value of 100 normally agrees to the national air quality standard for the contaminant that the level set by EPA to protect community wellbeing. AQI values under 100 are normally considered as acceptable and when AQI values are higher than 100, air quality is harmful for some delicate clusters of persons, and then for all people as AQI values get more and higher (EPA, 2003).

Quality Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Quality Management - Case Study Example The objective of any business organisation is to generate profit. Quality Management System (QMS) ensures improvement in business situation and for attaining long term growth. In the today's competitive world, quality is crucial factor for survival in any type of organisation. QMS mainly focus on ensuring Quality Assurance and Quality Control. Quality assurance focuses on overall process and to verify that it is carried out in required manner. Quality control is the accepting or rejecting the product. QC is mainly product oriented approach. QMS involves QC, QA and overall business management process. ISO 9001:2000 is a Quality Management Standard. ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) is established to develop international standard for management or product or services. They used to conduct auditing process for acquiring ISO certification. This can be applied in all kinds of organisation irrespective to its size and type of business. In the today's shipping service sector, ISO 9001:2000 is crucial for meeting customer satisfaction and thus for ensuring profitability. ISO 9001 is the most suitable standard for quality assurance in shipping sector. Shipping sectors are pressurised to provide a proof of quality management system by their clients as well as by authorities. ... Customer Satisfaction usually determines the growth of the company. Customer satisfaction can be attained by quality of products or services. Dissatisfaction of the customer is mainly arises due to failure in meeting their expectations and demand. IDO is providing more sophisticated services to its passengers and this reflected in their in number of customers increased over the years. Generation of profit is the main objective of shipping companies and so they mainly focused on reducing the daily operational expenses rather than providing efficient services. Cost cutting measures can be seen at everywhere but International Maritime Organisation has made rules and regulations. Cost cutting measures might affect the company in the long run. In the short run it may bring additional income. It is not practical to adopt cost cutting on customer service and maintenance of efficiency. 2 Company Profile: Istanbul Deniz Otobusleri (IDO-Istanbul Seabuses and Fast Ferries Inc.) was established in the year 1987 by Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality mainly with the emphasis on public transport by sea. Firstly they started with 10 seabuses and now they are grown into world's largest seabuses and Ferry service provider. Today they are carrying about 90 million passengers and 5 million vehicles yearly. It has been seen that they are continuously developing year by year. Seabuses are reliable and comfortable for passengers of Istanbul and Marmara Sea. Each seabuses has a capacity of about 500 passengers. In addition, they are allocating more funds for investment and development of vessels. There was tremendous increase in the number of passengers travelling over the last few years. IDO