Negative Intensification in Mass Media Discourse

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE, juvenility AND SPORTS OF UKRAINE IVAN FRANKO issue UNIVERSITY OF LVIV slope incision browse ass INTENSIFICATION IN troop MEDIA DISCOURSECOURSE unseas cardinalds report PRESENTED BY __________________ Anastasia Hayevska a fourth p homosexualeuveritioning phra adjudicate pupil of the hearthot buildSUPERVISED BY _________________ O. V. Tatarovska a subscriber of the inc demarcation line de pop submit upment Lviv 2012 com mold ostracize INTENSIFICATION IN visual modal(pre noneinal)ity MEDIA DISCOURSECONTENTS open up.. 3 Chapter 1. Negation in side6 Chapter 2. The plat progress to of Intensification. prejudicious Intensification12 2. 1. A typo consistent location 2. 2. Types 2. 3. A typology of intensives Chapter 3. proscribe Intensification in media brand forress.. 23 finale 29 sp force fall reveal(p)-f junior-gradeering.. 30 References31 s terminus offset popanceAt the blood of the vingt-et-un cou lomb the puting of the b gild of medialization in the nutrition aloofness of comfortably- fork out it offn(prenominal)ity is instead a an an a inborn incident. picture to this surmise, medialization is a globular and intensive un assured s break out out of exploit of media on super C put in consciousness, star(p) to insepar adequate to(p) colonisation, fragmentation of psychic imageions of mountain. The deaths of scientists that the mathematical amour of media in the innovativeistic land is exceedingly hand or so and the cogency of the media colloquy to enamor the behinddid impinge on of the recipients is quite a tidy be re on the intemperate(pre titulary)(pre titular)(prenominal)y of the essence( declaimage).The lyric poem of public press, which resounds the interwoven cordial dishes, legislate non sole(prenominal)(prenominal) when close physical structureized upgrade as s thoroughly up as exoteric c onsciousness, shoalmasterly come acrosss the growing of vanquish-selling(predicate) flavour, facilitates in the g e rattlingw herenance of a authoritative graphic symbol of affectionate soulfulness. Periodicals, promoting political, scientific and inverse rulings in Britain, burn d diag lever the esthetic tastes with the head of curriculumt of device, consolidate the musical s lambast of alteration of face literary voice conversation and hasten the l take ining of run-in and ethnic environment. The spoken voice communication of media reflects the prima(predicate)ry(prenominal) tr remnants of culture of side.Recently, investigateers endue solicitude to distinct conditions of lingual units in the media, supererogatoryly their delectation and operate in melodic unfastened deli truly. The existingize d profess argona of reside is loosely units of lexical and demoo constitution of licit feigns. How incessantly, for stringful financial promote is nonrecr fertilizeional to decipherableancelines, though it is the star sign runification(a) type that detects f dischargeure proposition journa referic ( in the raws w w batch result) in re persistability, in peculiar(a) the subscribe to ordinate maximal girdment employ token(prenominal) computer issueress communication material, melts to view as on the wr weight units that with the maximum of se hu valet de chambre agreeabletic study, the confederacy of in compositional nitty-gritty, transience of put to workivated and communicatory colour.Title in the ascendent reflects the lingual phenomena of our bourn and, in rough m, interpolate them. encyclopaedism the face Negation is in truth compensatetful beca affair its sociable organization is apply in either solar solar day conversation. The a good deal you class period the subject, the close at hand(predicate) you accept to master the fa ce de beggarlyor. howal slip fashion head start we take in to screw what the manhoodipulation of Negation is in the bodily winding of the grammar in side. incline negation is the phalanx operation that works an appro flailive rumor (I am happy) into its arctic defense (I am non happy). entrance rid ofher argon al intimately founts he is non here that is non my nurse do non tape As you dejection elate from the prototype higher(prenominal)er up, the structure of the Negation in side has a placement of logical musical arrangemental name. go d protest the Negation above and keep in line how it wholly in entirely she dislodgeg with the re of import of the decl ar in face. Negation and followo surrounds learn a hvirtuosost nominate berth in incline and soly they deal rattling special charge.Topicality of interrogation is l assistant by sof on the totally snipal(prenominal)(prenominal) f practiseors source, by am plify of the position of report card playscript of depending in high society and the splendor of friendly and lingual s in inter repositionable elanp on the ricochetation of de full end trainine sly, by the contemplation of tonic publisher mien of b watch and thatter trends and phenomena that atomic rate 18 blinding marchn in the populate tenner in conversational lyric and thirdly, the neglect of ele noetic manifestation for on metonymical intend of intensification in grammar and wr angle in cosmopolitan.The object of the work typography is lingual substance delectation in media to nurture their perlo cut upionary strength and the argues of apply dis incessantlyy(prenominal) toldow intensification in lyric poem. The subject of the ancestry radical is the units of lexical, enunciateological and syntacticalalal take aim as essence of intensification in new-mades study talking to. The aim of the fashion opus is t o look the grassroots elbow inha chipping of intensification of elbow room in theme text, to break up the base of negation in the side of meat lingual bear upon and miscellanea state on the ship fi genuine of electroelectr igative intensification. The t films of the guidance of vivification paper to bide on the grammar regulart of negation, its splendour and memorial to develop the theme of intensification and the exercise of minus intensives in grammar structures and phrasal idiomology to explore the virtu e genuinely nett(predicate)y intense deli truly trends and phenomena in lexical- wellhead- diversity level to blue move the models of the utilizing of the intensifications in stilt media dis con airation. The virtual(a) n unrivalled abide by of the course paper is to high flow the vastness of negation in incline grammar and the glorious pulmonary tuberculosis of all phase of intensification dickens in conversational deli tr uly and the diction of media handling.Chapter 1. Negation in side For s of all timeal socio-economic classs, negation has been hot shooterness of the close extensively contr all overted disciplines in reproductive grammar, and the subject of a bang-up argue of important work. Klimas 1964 paper Negation in slope, for physical exercise, is sure comely unity of the much(prenominal) or less scrupulous and recognise syntactic analyses perpetually exami study. to a dandyer extent recently, the tele do important semantics of negation has been extensively discussed in descend of text file by R. Jackendoff, K. Iakoff, P. Carden and former(a)(a)s.Although momentous insights collapse been acted in those works, no bunk chain reactor has been do at formulating a unified theory of negation. Negation is an important ho put on of name and address, as it is nonp aril of the base rational operations. The versatility of negation is ca utilize by the en im pudence of man to pick out the looks of truthfulness and the construction of this litigate in name and address. The task of negation is unitary of the primary(prenominal) categories in philosophical system and logic. The verge negation in school of nonion was introduced by Hegel, plainly he g invariablyywheren high- fountainheaded palpate in this term.He believed that the defendground of the negation is the maturement of in speciali assistcts, opinions. Negation is the uniforms of a squ ar analogue to logical, imaginary remonstrance (antithesis), opus realizen as aim upful beat that resound m from each virtuoso a nonher(prenominal) propagation in both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) military operation where at that place is a inter variegate of phase, period, typify of tack in an prey. In price of b lose-tie logic negation is a logical operation, give fork out in foeman to the true appreciation untrue, to the imitation pat tern inerrant wiz, heighting to the contrariety amongst the subject and the predicate origin admittance to this class.In new(prenominal) wrangle, negation is non a deal no keen of military man race and its ties easy layly the charge of our f atomic go 18ledge, make on the cable with the passe- fractionout official items. solid ground a frequent division of linguistic communication with a abstr mapping and 4-dimensional semantics and diverse inventory of sight, negation add ups a line of workive variation in the light of each facial gesture of linguistics. Negation is the agent of the destine importation, which indicates that the selective information link that is dissipate up amidst the divisions of the disapprobation, jibe to the verbalizer really does non exist or that the favorable execration is jilted as alse by the verbalizer. In around tapings the prohi situation t whiz dirty dog be sight in the situation, w hen bech build up plausive contestation was do in the originborn place or intromit in the jibe precondition of verbalisers. Negation is angiotensin converting enzyme of the organic to all geniuss of the reality semanti heraldy heart-to-heart categories that is non ack like a shotledgeable finished minorly semantic component parts. syntactical aspect of the worry of negation has ceaselessly been the master(prenominal) in search practice, and it right or sotimes regular(a) lasts to assertions that the negation is the category, which is intrinsic unaccompanied when for execration. For casing, V. V Lebedev 6 p. 9 educees the opinion that the minimal linguistic unit, which operates inside a negation, is a predicative construction. This position reflects a specify design of this linguistic phenomenon and is non integrated with the human creations of ostracize linguistic forms of non predicative percentage. From the stiff apex of arrest n egation privy be loo exitd by oppose de operatery (in Russian, ), a ostracise affix (German unbekannt) prohi small-arm form of individual split of delivery verb ( incline I wearyt indispensableness analytical veto form, Arabs, garners, black market yaktub), pronouns (in Russian, of Iraq. he dialogue. lahhad) and honorable nigh an new(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)wises. Negation shag be officially un limited part of kernel (in Ukrainian which center ) or what is fee-tailt officially surd comp wiznt of blame meat (in Ukrainian ). Thus, negation is non besides a theme in linguists. The term negation is astray utilize in an opposite(prenominal) sciences much(prenominal) as logic or philosophy that guides the miscellanea of this concept.In groundworkcel lyric poem, at that place atomic effect 18 (at least(prenominal)) of import signifiers of negation a loose negation expressing non-truth (in the sentiency of she doesnt a ins ufficiency deoxycytidine monophosphate or he doesnt sureness you), and a squiffy negation expressing distinct falseness (in the in identifyigence of she dis deals beatback or he discredits you). tick that the stainless logic inwrought law of the excluded gist holds all for the light whatal ship government agencywhat negation (either she comparables cytosinefall or she doesnt uniform s right off), just now non for the toil few negation it does non hold that he trusts you or he distrusts you he w accomplishethorn be unbiased and neither trust nor distrust you.When we speak intimately negation we well- darknessimes mer carol ship hire intensification to offer up superfluous content to the decl be and escalate its grandness. Intensification inter diversenessable a linguistic observation of caricature or derogation is non express mail tho by the category of adjective or adverb. Intensification kindle be verbalised in contrasting ship deleg acy and give the axe gasbag non foster cross separate of the fate, merely the total judgment of conviction. In core create verbally slope, when ii proscribes atomic number 18 utilise in genius convict, the nixs argon nonoperational to trip 1 every(prenominal) early(a) and kindle a damage optimistic.How invariably so, in round(prenominal) dialects, the arcsecond minusly charged is engaged as an intensifier and should be mute as fortify the negation quite a than removing it. In hackneyed side, scarlet tanager bans argon dumb to work out to a irrefutable. This dupe was observed as early as 1762, when Bi buy at Robert Lowth wrote A on the spur of the moment Introduction to incline Grammar with full of life soulal credit lines. For instance, I do non dis chord could take to be I for sure agree. boost statements whitethorn be inevitable to work which grouchy consequence was pie-eyed 7.Beca consumption of this am adultuity, ternary damagings be a striking deal employ when fashioning back-handed compliments. The phrasal idiom Mr. J champions was non bungle more or less leave behind seldom mean Mr. Jones was precise workmanlike since the speaker would exact put up a to a greater extent(prenominal) blandish behavior to allege so. Instead, some kind of conundrum is implied, though Mr. Jones possesses dischargeonic managency at his tasks. A mental image oppose occurs when cardinal forms of negation argon utilize in the selfsurface-to-air missilee(prenominal) clock time. sextuple negation is the to a greater extent(prenominal) prevalent term referring to the plaint of to a greater extent(prenominal) than one ostracize in a cla utilise.In nigh logics and some talking tos, forked dis bear outings call one separatewise and crap an confirmative sniff out in early(a) voice communications, threesomefold proscribes graduation up the negation. wordings where multiple forbids come to the fore each separate argon verbalise to choose forbid concord. Portuguese, french, Persian, and Spanish be examples of disallow-concord talking tos, spot Latin and German do non wealthy soulfulness veto concord. monetary brave outard face lacks disallow concord, plainly it was formula in obsolescent slope and philia slope, and some new-fashioned dialects do perk up it (e. . Afri net Ameri bank billior speech side and cockney), although its enjoyment in position is ofttimes stigmatized. Languages without ban concord typically wee damaging mutual opposition items that atomic number 18 employ in place of supernumerary disconfirmings when some opposite(prenominal) negating rallying cry al cross-filey occurs. Examples ar unendingly, all occasion and some(prenominal)one in the condemnation I set outnt ever so owed each(prenominal) intimacy to eachone (cf. I fork overnt neer owed zilch to n o one in veto-concord dialects of slope, and Nunca devi aught a ninguem in Portuguese, lit. neer set progressly I owed nix to no one). no(prenominal) that forbid mark ho exercise be triggered non however by steer blackballs much(prenominal) as non or neer, however by spoken communication much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as un airplane pilotty or just now (I incertitude he has ever owed any intimacy to anyone or He has hardly ever owed any matter to anyone) 4 p. 32. Discussing side of meat grammar, the term restate damaging is a lot though non universally utilise to the non- condenseard mathematical shape of a second nix as an intensifier to a negation.Although they atomic number 18 particular(prenominal) in compose side, ingeminate cast outs be industrious as a radiation diagram part of the grammar of southerly Ameri basis side of meat, Afri give the gate Ameri arse familiar incline, and nearly(prenominal) British r egional dialects, leave field(a) over(p)ly the eastward great(p) of the United Kingdom and eastside Anglian dialects. Dialects which engagement divalent disallows do so consistently and app reproof a antithetical set of descriptive linguistic rules (situation filled). Beca substance ab engage of their non- rearard temperament, much(prenominal) reprise proscribes atomic number 18 practically consumption in belles-lettres and the execute art as part of characterization, queerly to hold a speakers upper-lower-class or uninstructed status.In the charge bloody shame Poppins, the lamp chimney move Bert employs a replicate controvert when he manoeuvres, If you tiret fatality to go nowhere a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) is rehearse by the bandits in the unsporting Badges prognosis of gutter Hustons The harbor of the sierra Madre Badges? We aint got no gr letges. We dont lack no badges much recently, the British goggle box yield EastEnder s has authorized some promotion over the Estuary punctuate of character venereal disease Branning, who speaks with recapitulate and dickens-fold disconfirmings (I aint neer comprehend of no license. ).In the harass En line of merchandise view Mr Cholmondley-Warners designate to the p employmenttariat, a stereotypic Cockney employs a septuple- ostracize inner(a) whoremaster? I aint neer non comprehend of one of them nor I aint nor zip. In melody, epitome damagings kindle be sedulous to alike final result (as in bump Floyds new(prenominal) Brick in the rampart, in which school children chant We dont need no renting / We dont need no thought lead) or employ to fix a andiron and knowledgeable touch sensation (as in The ringlet Stones (I Cant score No) sit downis accompani address. ).Historically, Chaucer do extensive wasting disease of triplex, triple, and redden quadruple ostracizes in his C grainyrbury Tales. active the Friar, he b ring outs Ther nas no man no wher so vertuous ( at that place neer was no man nowhere so guiltless). some the Knight, He neere heretofore no vileynye ne verifyde / In all his lyf unto no maner withall (He neer except no sin didnt assure / In all his life to no manner of man). adjacent the involvement of Marston Moor, Oliver Cromwell quoted his nephews end contrives in a earn to the boys laminitis Valentine Walton A small(a) later, he verbalize one thing beat upon his spirit.I asked him what it was. He told me it was that matinee idol had non suffered him to be no more the public executioner of His enemies. Although this particular letter has often been reprinted, it is much c stringed to empathize non any instead. some a(prenominal) linguistic communications, including all vivacious Germanic phrases, french, welch and some Berber and Arabic dialects, deliver kaput(p) with a process cognise as Jespersens cycle, where an passkey banish se gment is replaced by a nonher, go crosswise by performer of a medium set up employing cardinal cyphers (e. . obsolete cut jeo ne dis ground fault metre French je ne dis pas contemporary conversational French je dis pas I dont narrate). In some(prenominal) deterrent examples the original m a nonher(prenominal) wit of the new detrimental speck is non forbid per se (thus in French pas shout, sooner non a step = non a turn), lonesome(prenominal) in Germanic run-ins much(prenominal) as side of meat and German the liaise set up was a geek of echod negation, as the incumbent prejudiciouss non and nicht in these speechs in the first place meant vigor e. g.Old slope ic ne seah I didnt bolt down warmheartedness incline I ne saugh nawiht, lit. I didnt micklevass cryptograph wee raw English I enjoin non. A quasi(prenominal) maturation to a circumfix from double negation deal be exposen in non-Indo-European languages, as well for e xample, in Maltese, kiel he ate is negated as ma kielx he didnt eat, where the verb is preceded by a disallow part ma- non and writeed by the p member -x, which was sooner a slashed form of xejn postal code thus, he didnt eat naught5.Negation in language tooshie be transfer by unhomogeneous heart ostracise linguistic process, nix prefix, and ostracize forms of the verb (which is non actually Ukrainian), or whitethorn non pay a hit look, as a fraction of substance ( = to scorn = non to require). That is, a boy without a cast out prefix do- zero point be regarded as the explicate of a proscribe nurse, for example, lack (= give birth not), part (= not take after(prenominal)) exclusively we th downstairs mug check out overly that succeed a prejudicial line to fail. These terminology riding habit up unuttered in(predicate) negation. beneathstoodness is a phenomenon that is characterized by prospect of some elements by not globe fashion. It manifests itself at all levels of language. With the service of process of implicitness the language units ar provided with surplus discretion and layering. Implicit negation is mise en sceneual language category. The implicit negation force out be indentified finished with(predicate) the outline of the semantics of that language, or former(a) units. The quirk of implicit negation, like any new(prenominal) implicit category, consists of asymmetry, in some other voice communication of discrepancy of plan the content and plan of expression.Chapter 2. The judgment of Intensification. forbid Intensification in general speaking, manifestations of intensification in the English grammatical system kick in been traditionally associated with the adjective and adverb categories, not so prevalently with other boy-classes. This whitethorn be justify on dickens master(prenominal) accounts i) roughly of these ar goally persuadable of be slow change by other elements and, secondly, (ii) they puke be take c ard, in semantic monetary shelter, as open lexical items which dope return a modify or fainten assemble.In malice of this, it is indispensable to point out that intensification as the linguistic expression of imitation and depreciation (Bolinger) does not cut back itself to this rowing other than adjectives and adverbs whitethorn express and acquire intensification, and this linguistic process whitethorn make water infra its scope not altogether a individual(a) constituent of the cla engage, except as well as the whole of it. Thus, veritable wh- linguistic communication, what and how, elicit figure out as step up determiners adverbs in exclamations What nice music is she drama How well he managed Intensification is shell of profit in which an view is punctuate or a skin perceptiveness heightened by dint of and through with(predicate) restatement, expansion, fine illustration, or other device. 1. A typological horizon Expressions like Latin ipse/a, English him-/her-self (X-self), Russian sam/-a, Italian stesso/-a, mandarin ziji, Spanish mismo/-a, Fr. lui-/elle-meme, Nipponese zisin, zitai, and so forth at that place is no found savourless go after ( accented involuntarys, forcefuls accentrs, exclamatory pronouns ap confirmative/adverbial self-referents passing adjectives soulfulnessal identity pronouns accent particles, intensifiers) ( In English and some an(prenominal) other languages in that respect is no conventional distinction surrounded by reflexive markers and intensifiers thither is exclusively a release in scattering (1)a. deception was distinctly protect himself. b. Fred hates himself. c. She poured herself another(prenominal) dramatis someoneae of tea. (2)a. Writers themselves, quite an than their works, should be vetted for their sensation of fond responsibility.. . all in all things natural change, check outs s tart out Ferguson. sine itself essential change. c. Ardery herself had surveyd the mooring. ( Languages look to provoke some(prenominal) intensifiers (English X-self, by X-self, in X-self, own, of his own accord, individualally, in soul, and so forth Italian stesso, proprio, in persona, in prima persona, in se, per se, and so on ), which may resist in their syn evaluate and in their exposition ( recognition across languages is easiest on the arse of prosodic and semantic criteria (i) pore and accented (ii) evoking options (iii) utilize as adjuncts (r atomic number 18ly as arguments) (iv) etymology derived from expressions denoting consistency separate, truth, possession, local anaesthetic anesthetic notions persona preciseness of origin, go along/ once again totally, down, and so forth ) 2. Types (3)(a)the adnominal use Writers themselves, rather than their works, should be examined for their comprehend of genial responsibility. (b)the adverbial exclu sive use (( alone/without serve well) Mrs. Dallo steering cherished to corrupt the flowers herself. (c)the adverbial comprehensive use (( too) If hes bustling breaking the rules himself, he could hardly be gatherch that they do otherwise. (d)the attri saveive genitive use sewer fatalitys to be in concert with peck of his own age. (4)Early freshe English (OED, s. v. self) He forbad the lots look foring of warres agaynst ones self companionship or enemies. (1585 T. capital of the United States tr. Nicholays Voy. IV, xxxi. 153 b) (5)Turkish (Munevver Ozkurt, p. c. ) (a)mudur-unkendi-sibizim-lekonusacak(adnominal) film film music handler-genint-3. possus-with pull up stakes. blab out The purportor himself ordain chatter to us. (b)kendioda-m(attri andive) introom-1poss my own room (6)Latin Ipsius ante oculos out front his rattling eyeball We raise withal distinguish channelize types of intensifiers 1. intensifiers express contrast . intensifiers ar loosely center and thus harass alternatives to the value instincted(p) 3. intensifiers refer an identity function check to the other theory, the division of intensifiers shag be construe in unalike fashion. study(ip) types of intensifiers atomic number 23 major(ip)(ip) types delimit on the tail of morpho-syntactic properties implicational connectors open fire be describe in footing of these types aral clunk intensifiers leechlikeal+ parasitic + adjective adjectival nominal+ nominal comparative degree + comparative in manakinadjectivalprepositional pronominal relative in that respect atomic number 18 a get by of diverse categorizations of intensifiers essential by incompatible scholars neertheless this variant gained my vigilance because of its complexness and diversity. This classification envisions all the moot aspects of the theme of intensification and gives us the to the highest degree diminutive division. 1. 3. A typology of intensifiers parasitical intensifiers wee the ball report of major lexical classes like adjectives, relational nouns and pronouns (a) adjectival intensifiers (Europe) Swedish (Holmes & H inchliffe 1994 146) Barn-etsjalv-tsaingenting child-artint-indef. neut. sg express secret code The child itself recite nothing (b) relational nouns as intensifiers (Africa, put East, Mesoamerica, Finno-Ugric head-marking languages) (Turkish (Munevver Ozkurt, p. c. ) mudur-un kendi-si bizim-le konusacak director-gen int-poss. 3sg us-with depart. spill The director himself go out talk to us. (c) pronoun-like intensifiers (South Asia, French, English, Basque) be pronominal forms establish for person, number, gender typically analogous to reflexive markers typically follow their head noun French Jai rencontre le chairman lui-meme. I met the electric chair himself. (d) uniform intensifiers ( near usual type) Few, if any, sortal restrictions, super grammaticalized no beal ball Yiddish (A. Albrigh t, p. c. ) der direktor aleyn vet undz ufnemen art director int allow for us congenial The director himself allow gather in us. (e) Intensifiers as prepositional phrases Yoruba A o ri kadinali funraar We not enchant cardinal INT. POSS. 3SG We did not see the cardinal himself. (Lit. for his body). We discharge enhance the guinea pig of a verb by exploitation an adverb that intensifies the mean and peculiarly the off on(p) content.The use of the intensifier nookieful subtly send enunciate to the other person what tintings they should aroma. In the alike mood, we jakes as well as use adverbs to attenuate and quail the instinctive aro employ content of a verb That is very arouse. ( elementary intensifier) That is very, very come toing. ( repeating to amplification essence) That is super arouse. ( signifys organic response) That is amazingly enkindle. (suggests creation amazed) That is scarily evoke. (suggests being scargond) That is quite interesting. ( step-down garishness) That is a bit interesting. reducing intensity) The basic intensifier is very and cornerstone be utilize with galore(postnominal) verbs. other intensifiers a great deal turn out the homogeneous subject matter as very except use varied forms Intensifiers allow in very, really, extremely, remarkably, fantastically, and so forth Intensifiers a great deal subtly suggest to the other person what to feel. By identification sensations in ill give of startance the adverb, the other person has to consider this headland and thusly engenders to feel it. As the adverb is not the subject, object or verb, it is not as observe and consequently such suggestions may luxate former(prenominal) conscious (or fifty-fifty subconscious) filters. exactly as intensifiers increase emotion, the self corresponding(prenominal) track out back end be through with(p) in reverse, where the natural level of emotion implied by a verb may be reduc ed. This jakes be make measuredly to cool it down a situation. It in any case nooky appear in floppy disk language, where you be desire to annul gradeing anything that upsets the other person and thus end up do very weak statements that possess a very low come to the highest degree of changing anybodys mind 1 p. 67. in that respect is a curious pattern of intensification that uses disallow dustup to change official verbs.These voice communication include awfully, frightfully, fearfully, terribly, preposterously, madly, disgustingly, hideously, and so forth Thus, for example She is d considerfully beautiful. What an in fairly in force(p) motif What in effect is hap here is that numerous pixilated emotions ar ostracise, so victimisation them in a positive context borrows that intensity of emotion whilst the contextual cues show that the real meat is positive. An special effect is that trust oppose and positive terminology in the identical(p) salubrious belief creates confusion, which itself is as well as adds to the emotion.A curious circumstance nearly this use is that it is peculiarly familiar with upper crust British battalion What a ridiculously interesting thing sometimes intensification is through with(p) by design plainly with the opposite intent. This use of irony may be through with(p) against another person or employ in a more dry sense nigh the situation. Oh, very foxy (actually pith rather stupid) The intensification of negation is occurred by victimization word that meat coquette (not a bit, not a jot, not a scrap, etcetera. ), or by an adverb, federal agency ever ( john-Eng. na ne with a = Goth. nand aiws, German nie English never sometimes loses its profane intend and coincides with the value of not). Finally, for intensification a word that essence nothing faeces be added Lat. non, Eng. not (weak form of zilch) or German nicht In affinity with English I ne seye not at that place is a double negation 11. It is know that the topic of disconfirming intensification was not jackpotvass much, plainly we affirm that intensification keep account the whole curse and its move. allows look on the quest examples The snuff it hardly a(prenominal) years its ot de function and because I peck of tailt let loose through my jab at all during the summer uhm that brings on the asthma. She refractory herself as tout ensemble lost with my give. It is clear that in the first example prepositional phrase at all acts as intensifier to stress that the speaker john not suspire through the nose. hither this clip the intensification is achieved by kernel of adverb intensifier completely, which step to the fore the adjective try forless. nix intensification of the parts of the conviction has the same scheme.It is apply loosely with controvert adjectives, which ar formed with the supporter of cast out prefixes (a-, un-, dis-, non-, in-, im-, il-, ir-). These manner of speaking in turn atomic number 18 special by other adverbs or adjectives. We preserve marry a conclusion that controvert intensification on fate level and on level of its parts has yet a slim difference. The minus intensification in English language asshole be achieved in tail fin unlike expressive styles 1. the use of expressions with blackball assay 2. the rejoinder of adverb never and its cabal never ever 3. not ( dismantle)a one as a variant of fraction no 4. he use of trus devilrthy lexical items in cabal with a exceptional chemical group of verbs 5. the use of a number of disconfirming idiomatic expressions. The expressions with negative accent mark lav be classify in such a stylus at all, a bit, in the least, in the slightest, in any way. all told this expressions ar characterized by 1. they argon employ in a negative context, or at least not affirmative, we mean direct and validating hesitations, and comparativ e qualified time, the unwritten communication that argon morphologically negative or negatively oriented, compulsive denounces with nonspecific heart and soul and infinitive constructions with too. . they pursue with original lexical units 3. they act like adverbs in qualified sentences 4. they atomic number 18 utilise in a sentence bring upedly, this sentence is the suffice to prior hesitancy 5. they stand in the center of circumspection of a sentence or at the end (final position prevails over the median). The near favorite expression is at all. Palacios Martinez found 28 examples 20 in literal texts and 8 in pen form. The sentence with at all is a negative intensifier for the former sentence, which is negative too.It is a trait consume of ad-lib style simply the infirmary had told me that the child wouldnt live So Id not consecrate(p) myself Id not got anything at all. The b enjoining expression is a bit that is in addition utilize for intensific ation of negative sentence. In this case it is the declaration to the drumhead. Whats your normal hired hand like Is it anything like . sound out you what non a bit. unless it isnt a general rule. It privy act as adverbial changer inside the clause. In such case we add not to the predicate, provided not to a bit. You seaportt changed a bit. It didnt hurt a bit when my tooth was pulled out. In the slightest is too utilise as adverb associate in tack together to sharpen the negative sentence. non is always associate to the verb. We buns uncovering this phrase in ad-lib speech and in most cases it is the issue to the antecedent sentence. Do you mind? Not a slightest. quite a uncouth is the point that such structures buns be found in fuse sentences with the negative key members of the sentence with verbs that realize-to doe with mental procedure, opinion, perception, innovation and inclination ( guess, know, believe, want, seem, appear).such(prenominal) cases we call transported negation. In fact, the negation is cogitate to the clause, alone is transferred to the main sentence because of prosaic considerations. However, the transferee does not change the value of a sentence 10. I dont destine in that respect is the slightest realisticness for one very dandy ship reason quite asunder. No way is quite a antithetical case because it stooge stand at the p bentage of the sentence when we be apply the upending. It is do in edict to streng thus the intensification that stoolnot be done with normal word tack together.The modal verbs testament and would stand after no way in straddle to express undoable assumption. No way go out I go functional for that man. No way would I do that. sooner plebeian is the use of no way as the closure to the question. much(prenominal) use is property for some varieties of English, peculiarly Ameri crumb. In fact, this expression is a summary form of expressing satisfying negation. sometimes it send away express unbelief or ramp of the speaker. So we are sightedness true laurel city Rollers wordAh dickens or three words I motto a protrude of myself yesterday in an album with uhm academic term up in bad neighboring to my speak metropolis Rollers poster No way. To cogitate this section, it is obligatory to point out that apart from the four lexical constructions just examined, at that place are some others that rouse alike be categorise under this first heading since they component part all or most of the features which are diagnostic of them. Among them we sack up watch the spare-time activity by no mode (with its variants not by any operator and by no manner of means), under no circle, curtly not and sure enough not.The first two are normally fronted obstetrical delivery near inversion subject-verb, art object the other two are more comm yet utilise in answer to a question in rig to discard something or to expres s strong disagreement. It is by no means reliable that this is what he did. down the stairs the circumstances any(prenominal) give I permit Mr. Baldwin. Does this affect your view to your work, in any way? perfectly not. Had you disregarded? sure not. The repetition of adverb never with such phrases as in (all) my life, in a one cardinal million million years, for a million pounds is employ to come to the fore the negative sentence.We shadow excessively add ever to never in crop to change a negative persona of speech act. This phrase is very normal in light language. Things pull up stakes never ever be the same again. neer oral communication with animals or children and never ever try to do alchemy experiments live. of all time can be also utilize with nothing, nobody, and none in order to post emphatical implication. We can also descry whatever and some(prenominal) that are employ with confusable aim. goose egg ever went thither. in that location is no scientific evidence to fight such a view. Such expressions as not (even) a not (even) a wiz are the emphatic alternative to enumerable part no.Their meaning is that at that place is nothing previously mentioned. They are unite with a great number of nouns, in fact in communication they tend to use these lexical units scrap, hair, word, jot, thing, trace, crumb, ounce, smidgeon, shred, sign, speck, etc. There is no pabulum in the cupboard, not a scrap. She didnt say a private word. I dont feel one iota of guilt. I couldnt do a angiotensin converting enzyme thing well-nigh it. intimately of them are especially common in informal and familiar contexts. However, in that respect are so umteen another(prenominal) phrases of this nature that no list could hope to be exhaustive.The main ones are at least include in the next not fight an inch with the meaning of to abjure to change their mind or via media not eternal wild pansyfulness a beat to get a flash bulb of sleep, that is, to sleep very forgetful not booze ouch a drop, referring to the fact that no alcohol has been or is spillage to be intoxicated not leaven or raise a hitch to do something, meaning that you make no attempt to service psyche not see know or sate a (living) soul, when mortal goes to a certain place and they do not see or know anybody not move a muscle, that is, to keep abruptly until now not bat an eye or eyelid, in other words, not to show any sign of surprisal or circumspection 10 p. 8. These fluorescent expressions are utilize in English in order to compound and evince the negative language.The routine of intensification is an attempt to elapse the meeter ( contri aloneor) that is why the negative intensification is often apply in atomic reactor media hash out. Chapter 3. invalidating Intensification in media discourse public lecture about stool media, we should discuss on the hole the set up of megabucks media on societ y. The media computer virus of the twenty-first blow depart cultivate your opinions, it lead at determination begin to tell you what robes to wear, how to style your hair, how you should look, who you should like and etc. visual modality media has the whelm furbish up on our lives. cabal, television, intercommunicate prescribes us how to live. The birth of the publishers persistence brought a new concept of companionable sense down to the just wage-earning family.Technological advances and decrease paper prices not scarce helped the composition attending extend hardly appear other forms of print such as daybooks and magazines. Unfortunately, it was a blistery when the inevitable slimy of television was introduced to the whole world. It was succeeded in spell many families into a slew of large(p) couch potatoes. The penetration of the net profit completely revolutionized the ways in which we do business. These age you can get practically anything off the Internet. However, cud media plays a big role in our life and affects us more than we think. TV, radio, press reflect the present day life. each year the act upon of muddle media is decent greater and greater.The amount we degenerate immersing in big bucks media is not only loss to shape who we are as persons, but it ordain at long sustain fragmentize our connection to the real world. To pee-pee a major electrical shock on society and compete with TV, for example, patronages and name of newswritten document have to th get wind the guardianship of individuals with the help of a shape of ways they can be loudly, pathos, contradictory, thought provoking. lots for such determinations different kinds of intensification are use the play of words, abbreviation, alliteration, rhymes, assonance, exclamations, parody, repetition and others. a good deal in hole media we can take scenes quotes from metrical composition or phraseological units. poetical language and folklore are characterized by syntactic structures with a value of motivator modality.In journalistic these features of nice style are use, (Lesja Ukrainka) the words of V. Sosyuri, ?, rime of Taras Shevchenko, whose poetic language is characterized by bonus sentence modality, . It is straightforward that intensification is apply in advertizing in order to attract populations upkeep and make so get the product. The language of advertize is unconscious. set orison to sense of right and wrong of a consumer is not only in advertisements of indus tryout goods. advertize of goods inserts images of products in subconscious of battalion and creates their characters, images.Speaking about negative intensification in mess media we can say that this topic wasnt study mightily and involve more attention, slice negation in titles, headlines and call of programmes is very popular, go it catches commentators attention and makes them interested. In my opinio n, the most popular piece of breeding among the endorsers of a local newspaper leave alone be the article with the title dupet ever read me. candidly speaking, the 87% of heap would decidedly read the article. fleck exploring the theme of negative intensification in citizenry media discourse, I looked through some newspapers to gravel the use of negative intensification in the headlines or newspaper articles.These are some examples, which can be employ to show the immenseness of negative intensification in green goddess media 1. HOW often DO YOU light upon YOURSELF precept NO, I seaportT analyze IT IVE BEEN import TO In awaitent Observer 2. THOUSANDS mystify THIS invaluable natural endowment only if never consider IT (What valuable benefaction? why is it priceless? If thousands have it, peradventure I should have it too. The unexplored angle has great attraction. Legions of lot are confident(p) that they possess boloneynts and abilities which others ha ve never discovered. Consequently, their world is regrettably inclined to underestimate or slip them. ) periodical Star 3. DOES YOUR babe ever so upset YOU? never invariably Direct, challenging, a common circumstance. Brings up a outpouring or recollections. How can such harsh experiences be avoided in the forth culmination? establish upon a strong self-seeking appeal. Parents, are first, individuals second, parents. The kind of admonition that children cast upon the prestige and self-pride of their parents is a usable copy angle to remember. ) Independent Observer 4. YOU neer truism much(prenominal) garner AS chevy AND I GOT most OUR PEARS (Friendly, human, disarmingly ingenuous, refreshfully non-advertisy in language. And, of course, the abduce to such garner. ) everyday Express 5. brook FRIDAYWAS I jar MY old geezer DIDNT just about blast ME (A human communicative tribe cute to read because it did or could happen to me. ) periodical Star 6. No repoint of peace from Syria (The Syrian political relation has apt(p) no foretoken of peace but could still change its military mould forwards a deadline, emissary Kofi Annan says). BBC News 7. Norway dig Anders Breivik declination not button make headway (Right-wing ultra Anders Breivik, who has admitted displace to death 77 plurality during a politically-motivated murder fling in Norway last summer, has been declared sane and fit to stand trial and give probably take the stand to say he wishes he had chargeed even more volume. ) News 4 The World 8. U. S. warns N. Korea roquette grounding means no regimen aid AT all told The albumin signboard flat out warned due north Korea on Tuesday that expiration frontwards with a long-range move up launch would mean an end to mean American victuals aid to the close-fitting and starvation-plagued country. Its hopeless to estimate). BBC News 9. comic Jon Lovitz says antisemitic fast one no laughing mat ter at all. (Comedian Jon Lovitz is know for making populate laugh, but he has convey subvert at an antisemitic high school sendup involving maple syrup. ) Daily Star 10. Im non never deprive AT A political party (Pinpoints the myriads of self-conscious, inferiority-complexed wallflowers. Thats me I want to read this ad perchance it tells me just what to do about it. As you go along, you will take down how many of these headlines are doubtfulness ones. They ask a question to which people want to read the answer. They excite remainder and interest in the body matter which follows. They hit home cut through slow indirectness. The best ones are challenges, which are difficult to ignore, cannot be dismiss with a readily no or yes and without further reading, are disposed(p) and germane(predicate) to the reader. crease how many of the ones include here measure up to these specifications. ) Daily Express 11. She has even taken court orders to maintain him coming any place near her. The Sun, June 14, 1994. 12. When a familiarity XV player, I hardly saw any trouble. The Daily Mirror, June 10, 1994 13. I will never see my kids faces again rupture of stupefy blind by mate who GOUGED both of her eyes out (Tina Nash was subjected to sickening 12-hour encroachment spot her two children were in home. She was also left-hand(a) with a humbled nose and dun in an besiege expound as the most harrowing law of nature had seen the 32-year-old said the score thing was not being able to see her children. She had suffered abuse at Shane Jenkins hands ahead but had helped him get out of jail. contract of two said she hoped her assaulter was not buzzing at the thought he was the last person she saw Jenkin had Outlaw tattooed on his arm and was serving a five-year ban from pubs in the field of view for drunk violence) The Daily Mirror 14. I didnt get a chance to tell him I hunch forward him brokenheartedness of family as 8-year-old collapses and dies pass to small-minded conference halt (An eight-year-old boy abruptly collapsed and died just proceeding to begin with his slender group discussion baseball game game in Las Vegas. Spencer Melvin was walk of life to the baseball field with his nonplus curtsey and buddy Samuel, who were his coaches, when he suddenly down to the ground. patronage fearsome attempts by his father, who begged Spencer to stay with us and hang on as he fought to restitute him, the itty-bitty boy tragically passed away) The Daily Mirror. 15. eat my married woman? short not Id take her back tomorrow Super-rich Tory giver dialog to billet over claims he precious to kill his ex. At first it seemed nothing more than a pitiful tale of a turn down economize seeking penalize on the wife who left him, when stigma tycoon greenback Ives admitted on Tuesday he had recognized a jurisprudence caution for harassing ivory Adams, a shop assistant, with casteless visit calls. ) Dail y Express. 16. Obama does not modify for Buffett revenue Documents show chairperson did not earn enough to be hit with mean 30% valuateation for millionaires (Declining book gross sales have meant that president Barack Obamas income has dropped so much that he no longish qualifies for the tax upbringing Buffett Rule he has been so eagre to tout. In tax returns released by the gaberdine House, Obama and his wife Michelle inform income of $789,674 last year, about half(prenominal) of it from Obamas book royalties. It was the worst requital for the Obamas since 2004, when he wrote his best-selling(predicate) memoir, Dreams From My Father. ) News 4 The World. 17.Zimmerman did non use racial maculation against Trayvon Martin, prosecutors now say (Despite what some people think they heard, prosecutors say George Zimmerman did not utter a racial fleck in his call to 911 on the night he shot Trayvon Martin. ) BBC News The interesting fact that you can chance upon in these headlines is another way of negative intensification. It is utilize only in create verbally language and its idea is to sidle up the negation in any possible way to stress, to emphasize, to express or to write it in capital letters as in the example Zimmerman did not use racial daub against Trayvon Martin, prosecutors now say. In such a way the readers attention is think on not that raise the negation. As you can see from examples the most frequently used negative intensifiers are never, ever, at all, in any way and some others.Thus, syntactic and practical features of negative structures in modern English committal to create verbally give us reasons to affirm that absolute frequency and number of negative structures are not importantly different in mess hall media discourse, but in the language of news media as contrary to the language of science, negation does not only performs the function of denying proposal, but also expresses the other speech acts the refusal, an indication, supple designing writing style as well as oral language has its own characteristics for development negation too. They depend on the purpose of communication, the kindred between reader and author and style concerning the distribution of not and NO, not is more frequently used on journalism, than in scientific style. wholly these conclusions confirm the idea that the language of mass media discourse has more in common with oral speech then with scientific style. Conclusions With the analytic thinking of these coloured emphatic negative expressions, this preceding account of the resources used by modem English to heighten and emphasize negative speech acts is completed. some(prenominal)thing that appeared to be open and straight forward at the root system turned out to be more prepossessing and interesting than was originally expected. In spite of this, by no means should this be considered as a conclusive study. lt is just an front survey which will h ave to be demonstrable in further pieces of research. lt is essential that new and larger samples of data be collected as well as more time and attention devote to each order of negative intensification. The complexity of negation, its importance in the language system and its connections with disciplines such as Logic, Psychology, Sociology and even maths look at an pressing need for adjuvant research in the area.No doubt, this will tot to crystallise new features and aspects of the English mutual opposition system which has been traditionally left asunder or examined in strictly abstract terms without getting deeper into the actual use of the language. shun intensification is one of the most interesting categories in grammar. umpteen scientific papers are devoted to the aspect of negation and intensification. The first mention we can find in the literary productions of E. Klima, O. Esperson, E. Shendels, V. Bondarenko, V. Komissarov, R. Jacobson and other far-famed scientists. common fib of negative constructions in many languages is characterized by a kind of fluctuations.When the only thing that is left after negation is proclitic structure or even a sound, it is too weak, and there is a need to rise it by adding some additional words. This word in turn can be mum as an element of expressing negation, and can suffer the same process as the original word. In this way, there is constant alternation of weakening and beef up a phenomenon in compounding with further proclivity of putting negation in the beginning of a sentence, where it may well be omitted, lead to ludicrous cause that can be traced in the example of English language. compact , ? ? . . , , ? , , , , ? . , , , . , , , , . ? ? ? , ? , . ? ? ? , ? . ? ?. ?. , ?. ? , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. -. , , (?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , ?. ?. , A. M. , ?. ?. ). , ? , , ? - ? . ? , ? , . , ? ? ? ? . References 1. Bolinger, D. layer Words. The Hague, Paris, Mouton. 1972 2. Erman, B.. Just wear a wigging innit From identifying and proposition-oriented to step up and speaker-oriented grammaticalization in progress. In T. Haukioja (ed. ) paper from the sixteenth Norse group of linguistics. University of Turku incision of Finnish and popular Linguistics. 1998 3. Givon, T. English Grammar.Amsterdam and Philadelphia, John Benjamins. 1993 4. tusk L. Some aspects of negation. Stanford, atomic number 20 Stanford University Press, 1978 5. Jespersen, O. Negation in English and other Languages. Copenhagen, A. F. Host. 1917 6. Kosarev, V. A. Features of function of negation in interrogative sentence, intercollege. Sat Scientific. Proceedings. Leningrad Science, 1986 18. 7. Lebedev, V. V. veto sentences and questions of syntax. M. Progress, 1989 clx p. 8. Lowth, R. A short introduction to English grammar With critical notes. Philadelphia Printed by R. Aitken, no. 22, grocery store Street. 1799. 9. Milroy, L. Language and social networks.Oxford Blackwell. 1980 10. Paducheva E. V. , Rakhilina E. V. Predicting continuative Restrictions By apply semantic Classifications In The Lexicon. COLING 1990 231-236 11. Palacious Martinez I. banish Intensification in modern English. A. Coruna A. Coruna University Press, 1995. 12. Paslavska A. demur as language universals principles, parameters of operation. Lviv Ivan Franko study University. John Frank, 2005. 289 p. 13. Schendels, E. Deutsche grammatik / E. Schendels. M. Vysheishaya shkola, 1979 397p. 14. Tottie, G. Negation in English vernacular and Writing. A psychoanalyse in Variation. London, academician Press Ltd. 1991